WK 1

Question 1

quantitative lab result consists of

Answer 1

Actual test value
Unit

Question 2

Systeme International d’Unites (SI)
was adapted in

Answer 2

1960

Question 3

subclasses of si

Answer 3

1. basic unit
2. derived unit
3. selected accepted si ntiq

Question 4

Some non-SI units are so widely used that they
have become acceptable for use within the SI
system. These include units

Answer 4

hour, minute, day,
gram, liter, and plane angles expressed as
degrees.

Question 5

describe si unit prefix

Answer 5

Uses standard prefixes for those of the same unit
or to indicate decimal fraction

Question 6

Prefixes smaller than basic unit have a

Answer 6

negative
exponent and vice versa

Question 7

Reporting of laboratory results is often expressed
in terms of

Answer 7

substance concentration (e.g., moles)
or the mass of a substance (e.g., mg/dL, g/dL, g/L,
mmol/L, and IU) rather than in SI units

Question 8

he laboratory and the rest of medicine are moving
toward adopting universal standards promoted by
the

Answer 8

International Organization for
Standardization

Question 9

Develops standards of practice, definitions, and
guidelines that can be adopted by everyone in a
given field, providing for more uniform
terminology.

Answer 9

iso

Question 10

Most instrument manufacturers make the
reagents in

Answer 10

ready-to-use form or “kit” in which all
necessary reagents and respective storage
containers are prepackaged as a unit, requiring
only the addition of water or buffer for
reconstitution

Question 11

reagent preparation use

Answer 11

i it is used in research and development,
biotechnology applications, specialized analyses,
or method validation.

Question 12

grades of purity

Answer 12

1. reagent grade or analytic grade
2. ultrapure, chemicaly pure
3. united states pharmacopeia
4. national formulary
5. tecnical or commercial grade

Question 13

chemical that are suitable for use in
most analytic
laboratory procedures

Answer 13

reagent grade/analyic reagent

Question 14

chemical that have additional
purification steps for
use in specific
procedures such as
chromatography,
immunoassays,
molecular diagnostics,
standardization, or
other techniques

Answer 14

ultrapure, chemically
pure (CP

Question 15

Used in manufacturing
drugs

Answer 15

United States
Pharmacopeia
(USP) and National Formulary
(NF)

Question 16

used primarily in
manufacturing and
should never be used
in the clinical
laboratory

Answer 16

technical or
commercial grade

Question 17

These reagents may have
designations of HPLC
(high-performance liquid
chromatography) or
chromatographic on their labels.

Answer 17

ultrapure, chemically pure (CP)

Question 18

impurity limitations are not stated,
and the preparation of these
chemicals is not uniform.

Answer 18

ultrapure, chemically pure (CP)

Question 19

. It is not
recommended that clinical
laboratories use these chemicals
for reagent preparation unless
further purification or a reagent
blank is included.

Answer 19

ultrapure, chemically pure (CP)

Question 20

limitations established for this
group of chemicals are based
only on the criterion of not being
injurious to individuals

Answer 20

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF)

Question 21

chemical that should never be used in the
clinical laboratory.

Answer 21

technical or commercial grade

Question 22

established specifications for AR grade
chemicals, and chemical manufacturers must
either meet or exceed these requirements

Answer 22

American Chemical Society
(ACS)

Question 23

organic reagent

Answer 23

the labels on reagents should clearly state the
actual impurities for each chemical lot or list the
maximum allowable impurities. The label should
also include one of the following designations: AR
or ACS or For laboratory use or ACS Standard-Grade Reference Materials.

Question 24

grades of organic reagent

Answer 24

These grades include;
1. A practical grade
2. CP,
3. reagent grade (ACS), w

Question 25

require manufacturers to indicate any physical or biological health hazards and precautions needed for the safe use, storage, and disposal of any chemical.

Answer 25

laws related to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),

Question 26

osha menas

Answer 26

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),

Question 27

organic reagent with some impurities

Answer 27

practical grade

Question 28

approaches the purity level of reagent-grade chemicals; spectroscopic (spectrally pure) and chromatographic grade organic reagents; and

Answer 28

cp

Question 29

reagent which is certified to contain impurities below established ACS levels.

Answer 29

reagent grade (ACS)

Question 30

Manufacturers are required to provide a _______ . IT must be readily available to ensure the safety of laboratorians.

Answer 30

Manufacturers are required to provide a Safety Data Sheet (SDS). A copy of the SDS must be readily available to ensure the safety of laboratorians.

Question 31

involved in the analysis of biochemical byproducts found in biological fluids, such as serum, plasma, or urine.

Answer 31

CLINCHEM

Question 32

highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to have an exact known concentration and purity.

Answer 32

PRIMARY STANDARD

Question 33

has certified standard reference materials (SRMs) that are used in place of ACS primary standard materials due to tolerance limitations of some biologic constituents.

Answer 33

the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Question 34

SRM means

Answer 34

standard reference material

Question 35

nist meand

Answer 35

national institute of standards and technology

Question 36

The chemical composition of these substances is certified; however, they may not have the purity of a primary standard.

Answer 36

srm reagent

Question 37

it can be used in place of an ACS primary standard in clinical work and is often used to verify calibration or accuracy/bias assessments

Answer 37

srm

Question 38

Many manufacturers use a ____________when producing calibrators and standard materials.

Answer 38

NIST “traceable to NIST” SRM

Question 39

used for linearity studies to determine the relationship between the standard’s concentration and the instrument result. This test is required when a new test or new test methodology is introduced

Answer 39

srm

Question 40

is a process that pairs an analytical signal with a concentration value of an analyte. -

Answer 40

calibration

Question 41

calibration of an instrument can be made by

Answer 41

Using a kit or by diluting a known stock solution.

Question 42

- Most used reagent in the laboratory

Answer 42

water

Question 43

Water purification methods include:

Answer 43

distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis,ultrafioltration, UV light, sterilization and ozone treatment

Question 44

Most procedures, along with reagent and control preparation requires substantially purified water known as

Answer 44

reagent-grade water.

Question 45

According to _______ reagent-grade water based on its use rather than the method od purification or preparation.

Answer 45

CLSI or Clinical and laboratory standards institute,

Question 46

- Categories of reagent-grade water:

Answer 46

1. Clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW), 2. special reagent water (SRW), 3. instrument feed water, 4. water supplied by method manufacturer, 5. autoclave and wash water, and 6. commercially bottled purified water

Question 47

s requires laboratories to define the specific type of water required for each of its testing procedures and requires water quality testing atleast annually

Answer 47

college of american pathologists

Question 48

Water quality testing routinely includes

Answer 48

monitoring microbial colony-forming units/ml and may include other parameters

Question 49

Purified to remove almost all organic materials using a technique where water is boiled and vaporised

Answer 49

distilled water

Question 50

Excellent in removing particulate matter, microorganisms and any pyrogens or endotoxins (like ultrafiltration and nanofiltration

Answer 50

distilled water

Question 51

Produced using either an anion- or cation-exchange resin, followed by replacement of the removed ions with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions

Answer 51

Deionized water

Question 52

Purified from previously treated water such as prefiltered or distilled water

Answer 52

deionized water

Question 53

excellent at removing dissolved ionized solids and dissolved gases.

Answer 53

deionized water

Question 54

uses pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane, producing a filtered product.

Answer 54

reverse osmosis

Question 55

may be used for the pretreatment of water, however, it does not remove dissolved gases.

Answer 55

reverse osmosis

Question 56

remove particulate matter from municipal water supplies before any additional treatments

Answer 56

filtration waer

Question 57

Filtration cartridges can be composed of

Answer 57

glass, cotton, or activated charcoal, which removes organic materials and chlorine.

Question 58

Some have submicron filters (≤0.2 μm), which remove any substances larger than the filter’s pores, including bacteria

Answer 58

filtration - The submicron filter may be better suited after distillation, deionization, or reverse osmosis treatment. - The submicron filter may be better suited after distillation, deionization, or reverse osmosis treatment.

Question 59

removes some trace organic material or sterilization processes at specific wavelengths, can destroy bacteria when used as part of a system but may leave behind some residual products.

Answer 59

Ultraviolet oxidation

Question 60

This technique is often followed by other purification processes

Answer 60

Ultraviolet oxidation

Question 61

s acceptable for glassware washing but not for analysis or reagent preparation.

Answer 61

Autoclave wash water

Question 62

used for specific techniques like the HPLC, molecular diagnostics, or mass spectrophotometry, which may require specific parameters for the analysis. ●

Answer 62

srw/special reagent water

Question 63

All SRW should meet

Answer 63

CLRW standards and, depending on the applicationshould be stored in a manner that reduces any chemical or bacterial contamination and for short periods,

Question 64

Testing procedures to determine the quality of reagent-grade water include

Answer 64

measurements of resistance, pH, colony counts on selective and nonselective media for the detection of bacterial contamination, chlorine, ammonia, nitrate or nitrite, iron, hardness, phosphate, sodium, silica, carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, and metal detection.

Question 65

Some accreditation agencies recommend that laboratories

Answer 65

document culture growth, pH, and specific resistance on water used in reagent preparation

Question 66

measured because pure water, devoid of ions, is a poor conductor of electricity and has increased resistance

Answer 66

resistance

Question 67

The relationship of water purity to resistance is

Answer 67

linear; generally, as purity increases, so does resistance