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2 AM - Behaviour & Welfare > Wk 13: Clinical Application of the Principles of Dog & Cat Ethology > Flashcards

Wk 13: Clinical Application of the Principles of Dog & Cat Ethology Flashcards

1
Q

How do dogs communicate? (excluding olfactory communication)

A
  • Dogs communicate using every part of their body
    • Whole body language, not just specific signals
  • They are continually signalling
  • Indicates the emotional state
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2
Q

List aspects of the dog that may be used to communicate

A

Ears
Eyes
Mouth
Head
Face
Tail
Body

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3
Q

Ears in dogs are a form of communication

A

Wide variety of size and shapes
Signalling of one breed would differ from that of another

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4
Q

What does it mean when a dog’s ears are forward and pricked?

A

Alert
Interested
Confident

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5
Q

What does it mean when a dog’s ears are back or to the side?

A

Anxious (gaze usually directed towards what is causing this emotion)

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6
Q

What does it mean when a dog’s ears are back/flattened against the head?

A

Fearful

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7
Q

What does it mean when a dog’s ears are constantly changing position?

A

Unsure

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8
Q

In what ways can the eyes of a dog be used to communicate?

A

Direction of gaze (facial expression)
Varying shapes and size
Pupil duration

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9
Q

What can a dog convey with the direction of their gaze?

A

Averted to side - may turn away as a form of appeasement
Direct stare - sign of aggression of unknown individual, rewarding to people they know

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10
Q

What can a dog convey with the shape of their eyes?

A

Open wide/closed can indicate fear/pain

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11
Q

What can a dog convey with the dilation of their pupil?

A

Good light conditions but eyes large may be a sign of anxiety

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12
Q

What is this dog displaying?

A

Dogs eyes are sof and mouth opena dn relaxed, lips covering teeth

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13
Q

What is this dog displaying?

A

Growling with ears pulled back, eyes rounded and lips pulled over teeth

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14
Q

What does a dog yawning convey?

A

Tired
Anxious

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15
Q

What does a panting dog display?

A

Play
Exertion
Stress response

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16
Q

What does it mean when a dock is lip-licking?

A

Hungry
Appeasement

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17
Q

What does it mean when a dog has its lip retracted exposing teeth?

A

Snarl/grin
Appeasement (smile)

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18
Q

What does it mean when a dogs head is held above their body?

A

Confident and alert

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19
Q

A dogs head is at body level, what does this mean?

A

Realxed

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20
Q

A dogs head is held below its body, what does this mean?

A

Fearful or anxious

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21
Q

What happens to a dogs face when it feels threatened?

A

Go through sequences
This is important with dogs living in social groups as it warns the individual before theres need to escalate

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22
Q

Why might a dog ‘suddenly’ bite?

A

With learned behaviour, the dog might jump from this sequence and instead try and bite - this is from learning they the signals prior are ignored

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23
Q

Describe what is occurring in the photo

A

Preliminary aggressive threat
Ears pulled back, direct state and lips pulled over teeth

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24
Q

Describe what is occurring in the photo

A

More serious threat
Muzzle extended forward with low growl

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25
Q

Describe what is occurring in the photo

A

Wrinkled muzzle exposing teeth
Growling loudly preparing to lunge and attach

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26
Q

What can a wagging dog tail convey?

A
  • Loose, relaxed, circular, side to side, below the body and quickly in greeting is a sign that the dog is feeling positive
  • Stiff tail held up right and slowly wagging is a sign that the dog is not comfortable
    • If the dog becomes more fearful it will slowly tuck the tail between the legs
27
Q

How can species differences affect the tail position?

A

pugs cannot do curl tail under them and whippets constantly look fearful as their tail is constantly between their legs

28
Q

How can a dog use its body to communicate?

A
29
Q

Describe what might be seen if a dog is relaxed and content

A
30
Q

Describe what might be seen if a dog is excited or aroused

A
31
Q

How do you introduce unfamiliar dogs?

A
32
Q

What is the 3-second rule in terms of dog introduction?

A

If the situation has not improved (neither relaxing or showing appeasement behaviour) within 3 seconds then distract them and move them away from each other as it is unlikely that it will resolve

33
Q

What will a cat sometimes do if it knows someone and where is this behaviour derived from?

A

Holds its tail up as it approaches them
This behaviour is derived from dams returning to their kittens but has remained in domesticated cats regarding their owners

34
Q

List how a cat can visually communicate

A
35
Q

Can you list the sensitive periods of learning in dogs and cats?

A
36
Q

What pre-natal effects can alter dog and cat development?

A
37
Q

What can dogs and cats learn during their socialisation period?

A
38
Q

When is a cat’s socialisation period?

A
39
Q

When is a dog’s socialisation period?

A
40
Q

How can puppies learn social behaviour?

A
41
Q

How can puppies learn signalling?

A
42
Q

How do puppies learn social communication from humans?

A
43
Q

Describe what is occurring in the photo

A
44
Q

How can an owner be inconsistent in the way they communicate?

A
45
Q

Why is consistency important with dogs?

A
46
Q

What is meant by emotional conflict?

A
47
Q

What are the consequences of emotional conflict?

A
48
Q

What are the three Fs?

A

Fight
Flight
Fidget (displacement activty)

49
Q

What are the implications of dogs being highly social?

A
50
Q

Where can conflict arise in a multi-cat household?

A
  • Where competition for access to resources is artificially created
  • Food, water, litter trays in same location
51
Q

If cat’s do not get on, how does this present?

A
52
Q

What underlying medical condition is present when inappropriate elimination occurs?

A

Interstitial cystitis

53
Q

What underlying medical condition is present urine spraying?

A

GI disease

54
Q

What underlying medical condition is present over-grooming?

A

Hyperaesthesia

55
Q

What are the indicators that cats are in the same social groups?

A

Allorubbing
Allogrooming
Choose to sleep touching

56
Q

What are some indicators that not necessarily show that they’re in the same social group?

A

Sleeping in the same location (radiator)
Sitting on/either side of the owner
Eating together

57
Q

If cats do not form a social group although they are living in the same household, what can you do to avoid conflicts?

A

Need to have enough resources
Easy access to said resources
Separating toileting sites
Birdges etc to allow avoidance

58
Q

How might predatory behaviour be expressed in a domestic cat?

A

Birning home dead prey
Releasing live prey inhouse
Playing with live prey

59
Q

How do you prevent predatory behaviour?

A

Highly platable food with high meat content
Variety of flavours of food
Small frequent meals (puzzle feeder)
Increase play
Keep in when prey species active (dusk/dawn)

60
Q

Why might elimination behaviour become a sign of concern?

A

Often sign of medical problem that is caused by
distress
discomfort
increased volume of elimination

61
Q

If a cat is expressing an elimination behaviour problem what is usually done by a vet?

A
  • Full medical work up exam
  • Older cats orthopaedic exam
  • Lower abdominal hair loss, cat is pulling out hair, this may be an indication of bladder pain
62
Q

If bad elimination behaviour is not occurring due to a medical condition, what are the 3 main reasons?

A
63
Q

If marking occurs. indoor, what might be the cause?

A

2 AM - Behaviour & Welfare (13 decks)

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