Wk 3 & 4 Health Psych

Question 1

What is health psych?

Answer 1

bidirectional relationship between psych and health

Question 2

What is the biomedical model of health?

Answer 2

Physical or biological causes and absence of disease

Question 3

What are some aspects of the biomedical model of health?

Answer 3

-emphasises health as the absence of disease
-what it means currently to have good health

Question 4

What is the Illness-Wellness Continuum?

Answer 4

shows the relationship between the paradigm of treatment and the paradigm of wellness

Question 5

What is the biopsychosocial model of health?

Answer 5

health made up of biological, psychological, and social factors

Question 6

What are some aspects of the biopsychosocial model of health?

Answer 6

-dominant understanding of health in psych and more and more in medicine
-body as a system that is affected by all 3 factors

Question 7

What is stress?

Answer 7

tension, discomfort or physical symptoms arise when a stressor strains ability to cope

Question 8

What are the three approaches to stress?

Answer 8

1. stress as a stimuli
2. stress as a response
3. stress as a transaction

Question 9

What is the difference between a stress response and stressor?

Answer 9

-Stress response: tension, discomfort, symptoms that
arise following experience of a stressor (internal)
-Stressor: situation / stimulus that strains our coping
abilities (external)

Question 10

What is Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Answer 10

performance increases with mental arousal (stress) but only up to a point: when an individuals’ level of stress is too low or too high, their performance deteriorates.

Question 11

What is appraisal?

Answer 11

Interpretation or evaluation of a situation

Question 12

What are the 2 types of appraisal?

Answer 12

-primary appraisal
-secondary appraisal

Question 13

What is primary appraisal?

Answer 13

-relevance/salience (“is this important for me?”) and -valence (“is this good or bad?”)

Question 14

What is secondary appraisal?

Answer 14

coping
(“do I have the capacity to deal with this?”)

Question 15

What are further type of appraisals?

Answer 15

-Challenge vs threat appraisals
-Dispositional similarities and situational differences
-Major life events vs hassles

Question 16

what is challenge vs threat appraisals?

Answer 16

-challenge: something you think you have a better capacity to deal with
-threat: perceive you have a lower ability to cope with that - something threatening

Question 17

what is dispositional similarities and situational differences?

Answer 17

-dispositional similarities: individuals have certain tendencies, which are diff between everyone
-situational differences: differences on how you appraise things, depending on what the situation is

Question 18

what is major life events vs hassles?

Answer 18

-major life events: some things are objectively stressful, happen less frequently
-hassles: more strongly tied to our mental and physical health than major life events

Question 19

What is coping?

Answer 19

Behaviours and thoughts an individual engages in to deal with a stressful situation

Question 20

What are some examples of coping?

Answer 20

― Reappraisal
― Acceptance
― Distraction
― Rumination

Question 21

What is reappraisal?

Answer 21

changing interpretation and meaning

Question 22

What is rumination?

Answer 22

repetitive negative thoughts

Question 23

What are different types of groups and styles of coping?

Answer 23

-Problem-focused vs emotion-focused coping
-Practical/active vs avoidant coping
-Adaptive vs maladaptive coping (beware!)
-Flexible coping

Question 24

What is Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Answer 24

stress-response pattern that consists of three stages

Question 25

What are the 5 controls to relieve stress?

Answer 25

1. behavioural control 2. cognitive control 3. decisional control 4. informational control 5. emotional control

Question 26

What are the three stages of GAS?

Answer 26

1. alarm 2. resistance 3. exhaustion

Question 27

How does stress affect health?

Answer 27

-physiologically (direct) -behaviorally (indirect)

Question 28

What is pain?

Answer 28

Sensory and emotional discomfort

Question 29

What is the process of pain?

Answer 29

stimulation > chemicals released > activate nerve endings > nerves transmit message to spinal cord > then to brain > travels through many brain regions

Question 30

Pain is a construct of the .....

Answer 30

brain

Question 31

What is the placebo affect?

Answer 31

positive effect results not from any active treatment, but purely from patient’s belief in or expectations of treatment

Question 32

What is the nocebo affect?

Answer 32

negative outcome, people think they experience side effects that come with the medication

Question 33

Why does the placebo effect work?

Answer 33

-expectancy theory -conditioning

Question 34

What is another term for gut?

Answer 34

gastro-intestinal

Question 35

Brain-gut connections mean

Answer 35

Gut health can impact our mental health (and vice versa)

Question 36

What does DGBIs stand for?

Answer 36

“Disorders of brain-gut interaction”

Question 37

What does gut disorder such as IBS have high comorbidity (the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient) with?

Answer 37

mental health disorders

Question 38

What is the development of DGBIs?

Answer 38

Mental health problems preceding GI problems more often than GI preceding mental health

Question 39

What does visceral hypersensitivity mean?

Answer 39

refers to your experience of pain or discomfort in your visceral organs

Question 40

What is the psychological treatment of GI and to what extent and for how long?

Answer 40

-psychological therapies -reliable, moderate -up to one year

Question 41

What are some GI treatment for mental health?

Answer 41

-probiotics -dietary changes -faecal microbiota transplants

Question 42

What is the caveat (a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations) of DGBIs treatments

Answer 42

scientific findings are in infancy