WK 4 - States Of Consciousness

Question 1

The subjective awareness of mental events.

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

The process of focusing conscious awareness, providing heightened sensitivity to a limited range of experience

Answer 2

Attention

Question 3

The biological rhythm that evolved around the daily cycles of light and dark.

Answer 3

Circadian rhythms

Question 4

Most dreaming occurs in which stage of sleep?

Answer 4

REM sleep

Question 5

From a psychodynamic perspective, what are the three types of mental activities?

Answer 5

Conicious, preconcious and unconscious

Question 6

Self-report questionnaires, brain imaging techniques and behavioural observation can be used to measure what?

Answer 6

Consciousness

Question 7

Filtering out other conversations at a party is an example of what?

Answer 7

Selective attention

Question 8

‘Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment and nonjudgementally’ describes what?

Answer 8

Mindfulness

Question 9

Being on the phone and someone in the room talking is an example of…

Answer 9

Divided attention

Question 10

Dichotic listening is an example of

Answer 10

Divided attention

Question 11

The mental state of consciousness in which a person performing an activity is fully absorbed in a feeling of energised focus, complete involvement and intrinsic enjoyment of the activity.

Answer 11

Flow

Question 12

The conscious state in which a person turns attention to internal thoughts and imagined scenarios.

Answer 12

Daydreams

Question 13

Subliminal perception can have an impact on conscious thought and behaviour.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Sensory deprivation, hypnosis and meditation are examples of ________________

Answer 14

Psychologically induced states of consciousness

Question 15

Hallucinations, orgasm and food/oxygen starvation, are examples of ________________

Answer 15

Physiologically induced states of consciousness

Question 16

Daydreaming, drowsiness and dreaming are examples of ________________

Answer 16

Spontaneously induced states of consciousness

Question 16

Boredom makes you feel sleepy, even if you have had enough sleep.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

Everyone dreams at night.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Most sleep disorders go away, even without treatment.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 18

If you’re sleepy, raising the volume of your radio is a great way to stay awake while driving.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

No matter how sleepy you are, you can force yourself to stay awake.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body’s need for sleep.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Sleep disorders are mainly due to worry or psychological problems.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

Sleeping just one hour less a night can prevent you from learning or functioning normally.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Snoring is never harmful as long as it doesn’t disturb others. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

The human body never fully adjusts to night shift work. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

As an adult, the older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

Sleep stages can be measured and assessed by ____________.

Answer 26

EEG

Question 27

Decreasing responsiveness to a drug over time

Answer 27

Tolerance

Question 28

In which sleep stage does brain activity mimic that of being awake?

Answer 28

REM

Question 29

Meditation, hypnosis, drugs and religious experiences can all induce _____________

Answer 29

Altered states of consciousness

Question 30

What is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world?

Answer 30

Alcohol

Question 31

Depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens are examples of _____________.

Answer 31

Psychoactive substances

Question 32

Drugs that slow down the nervous system

Answer 32

Depressants

Question 33

A research technique whereby participants report on the contents of consciousness at specified times

Answer 33

Experience sampling

Question 34

Drugs that produce hallucinations

Answer 34

Hallucinogens

Question 35

Drugs that increase alertness, energy and reactivity

Answer 35

Stimulants

Question 36

I have a mole on my shoulder that is slowly getting darker. I decide to ignore it because I don't want to find out if it's cancerous or not. I am exhibiting:

Answer 36

Selective inattention

Question 37

A group of friends and I went to a show with a famous hypnotist. My friend went on stage and was deeply hypnotised in no time. She displays:

Answer 37

Hypnotic susceptibility

Question 38

If our circadian clocks are not reset each morning by exposure to light they tend to run ________ than 24 hours.

Answer 38

longer

Question 39

Stages ____________ are often referred to as slow-wave sleep. During these stages, the body is relaxed and people are usually hard to wake.

Answer 39

three and four

Question 40

We cycle through the sleep stages approximately every ________ minutes

Answer 40

90

Question 41

What is the term for the biological process that regulates the timing of sleep and wakefulness in humans? a) Melatonin b) Circadian rhythm c) REM sleep d) Sleep apnea

Answer 41

b) Circadian rhythm

Question 42

Which stage of sleep is characterized by slow brain waves, relaxed muscles, and a decrease in heart rate and breathing? a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) Stage 3 d) REM sleep

Answer 42

c) Stage 3

Question 43

Which theory of dreaming suggests that dreams are a way to process and consolidate information from the day? a) Activation-synthesis theory b) Neurocognitive theory c) Cognitive theory d) Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 43

c) Cognitive theory

Question 44

What is the term for the experience of waking up and being unable to move or speak? a) Sleepwalking b) Night terrors c) Sleep paralysis d) REM behaviour disorder

Answer 44

c) Sleep paralysis

Question 45

What is the recommended amount of sleep for adults, according to the National Sleep Foundation? a) 6-7 hours b) 7-8 hours c) 8-9 hours d) 9-10 hours

Answer 45

b) 7-8 hours

Question 46

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation of sleep and wakefulness? a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) Acetylcholine d) GABA

Answer 46

a) Serotonin

Question 47

Which sleep disorder is characterized by loud snoring, pauses in breathing, and daytime fatigue? a) Insomnia b) Narcolepsy c) Sleep apnea d) Restless legs syndrome

Answer 47

c) Sleep apnea

Question 48

What is the term for the phenomenon of feeling tired during the day despite getting a full night's sleep? a) Sleep apnea b) Insomnia c) Hypersomnia d) Jet lag

Answer 48

c) Hypersomnia

Question 49

Which sleep disorder is characterized by recurrent nightmares that cause significant distress or impairment in daily functioning? a) Night terrors b) Insomnia c) REM sleep behavior disorder d) Nightmare disorder

Answer 49

d) Nightmare disorder

Question 50

Which hormone is released during sleep and is associated with feelings of hunger and appetite? a) Cortisol b) Leptin c) Ghrelin d) Melatonin

Answer 50

c) Ghrelin

Question 51

What is an altered state of consciousness? a) A state of being fully alert and aware of one's surroundings b) A state in which an individual experiences changes in their thoughts, feelings, or perceptions c) A state of deep sleep

Answer 51

b) A state in which an individual experiences changes in their thoughts, feelings, or perceptions

Question 52

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness? a) Hippocampus b) Cerebellum c) Hypothalamus

Answer 52

c) Hypothalamus

Question 53

Which of the following is a characteristic of a lucid dream? a) The dreamer is unaware that they are dreaming b) The dreamer has some degree of control over the dream c) The dream is always a nightmare

Answer 53

b) The dreamer has some degree of control over the dream

Question 54

What is the name of the substance found in the peyote cactus that is known for its hallucinogenic properties? a) Psilocybin b) Mescaline c) DMT

Answer 54

b) Mescaline

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of marijuana use? a) Increased appetite b) Decreased heart rate c) Altered perception of time

Answer 55

b) Decreased heart rate

Question 56

What is the term used to describe the state of heightened suggestibility that can be induced through hypnosis? a) Trance b) Meditation c) Altered reality

Answer 56

a) Trance

Question 57

What is the name of the technique used in some meditation practices where the meditator focuses on their breath to quiet the mind? a) Vipassana b) Transcendental c) Zen

Answer 57

a) Vipassana

Question 58

Which of the following is a potential danger associated with the use of hallucinogenic drugs? a) Physical addiction b) Increased risk of heart disease c) Bad trips and psychological distress

Answer 58

c) Bad trips and psychological distress

Question 59

What is the name of the phenomenon where an individual feels detached from their body and surroundings? a) Sleepwalking b) Out-of-body experience c) Hypnagogic state

Answer 59

b) Out-of-body experience

Question 60

___________ are drugs that mimic the receptor effects of a neurotransmitter

Answer 60

Agonists

Question 61

____________ are drugs that block the receptor effects of a neurotransmitter

Answer 61

Antagonists