Wk 8 Diabetes - PowerPoint/1

Question 1

DM is the leading cause of

3

Answer 1

1. adult blindness
2. ESKD
3. nontraumatic lower limb amputations

Question 2

DM major contributing factors

3

Answer 2

1. heart disease
2. stroke
3. HTN

Question 3

DM environmental factors

4

Answer 3

1. cold climate (DM1)
2. viruses (DM1)
3. solid food early vs breast fed DM1
4. obesity DM2

Question 4

3 causative factors for DM

Answer 4

genes
autoimmune
environmental

Question 5

insulin is normally produced by

Answer 5

b-cells in islets of langerhans

Question 6

insulin normal production

Answer 6

released continuously into bloodstream in small increments with larger amounts released after food

Question 7

stabilized glucose level range

Answer 7

70-120

Question 8

glucose is stored as what

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

insulin inhibits what

Answer 9

gluconeogenesis

Question 10

insulin and fat

Answer 10

enhances fat deposition

Question 11

insulin and protein

Answer 11

increases protein synthesis

Question 12

who is the insulin-dependent tissues

Answer 12

skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 13

insulin is what type of hormone

Answer 13

anabolic/storage hormone

Question 14

the fall in insulin level during normal overnight fasting does what

Answer 14

facilitates the release of stored glucose from the liver, protein from muscle, and fat from adipose tissue

Question 15

things that don’t depend on insulin for glucose transport

3

Answer 15

1. brain
2. liver
3. blood cells

Question 16

DM1 genetic predisposition

Answer 16

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4

Question 17

idiopathic DM is found mostly in

2

Answer 17

africa

asia

Question 18

LADA stands for

Answer 18

latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Question 19

LADA

Answer 19

type of DM1 - longer onset, often mistaken for DM2

Question 20

predisposition to type 1 DM is r/t what

Answer 20

human leukocyte antigens HLAs

Question 21

theory for HLAs

Answer 21

when person with certain HLA types if exposed to a viral infection, the beta cells are destroyed, either directly or through an autoimmune process

Question 22

DM1 that is strongly inherited and is not r/t autoimmunity

Answer 22

idiopathic DM

Question 23

osmotic effect of glucose produces manifestations of

2

Answer 23

polydipsia

polyuria

Question 24

polyphagia is a consequence of

Answer 24

cellular malnourishment when insulin deficiency prevents utilization of glucose for energy

Question 25

greatest risk factor for DM2

Answer 25

obesity, especially abdominal and visceral adiposity

Question 26

DM2 four major metabolic abnormalities

Answer 26

1. insulin resistance 2. decreased insulin production 3. inappropriate hepatic glucose production 4. altered production of hormones and cytokines by adipose tissues (adipokines)

Question 27

most insulin receptors are located where | 3

Answer 27

1. skeletal muscle 2. fat 3. liver cells

Question 28

in early stages of insulin resistance, the pancreas responds to high blood glucose by

Answer 28

producing greater amounts of insulin that creates a temporary state of hyperinsulinemia that coexists with hyperglycemia

Question 29

two main adipokines believed to affect insulin sensitivity

Answer 29

adiponectin | leptin

Question 30

metabolic syndrome components | 5

Answer 30

1. increased weight circumference or belly fat 2. high triglycerides 3. elevated BP 4. high BG 5. low HDL

Question 31

how many parts of the 5 things of metabolic syndrome must person have to be dx with it

Answer 31

3 of 5

Question 32

HDL helps do what

Answer 32

carry bad cholesterol out of system

Question 33

DM2 nonspecific s/s5

Answer 33

1. fatigue 2. recurrent infection 3. recurrent vaginal yeast or candidal infection 4. prolonged wound healing 5. visual changes

Question 34

prediabetes tests | 2

Answer 34

1. impaired glucose intolerance IGT | 2. impaired fasting glucose IFG

Question 35

impaired glucose intolerance IGT

Answer 35

two hour oral glucose tolerance test OGTT: 140-199

Question 36

impaired fasting glucose IFG

Answer 36

fasting glucose level: 100-125