Wk 8.2 Gut & Appetite

Question 1

What does the stomach do?

Answer 1

• Expands to receive a meal
• Holds it for about 4 hours
• Mixes food with gastricjuice (acid and pepsin)
• Food is churned to a pulp (chyme) and protein digestion begins
• Chyme enters the intestines in stages

Question 2

What does Gastric Emptying from the Stomach depend on ?

Answer 2

• Contraction of antral smooth muscle
• Opening of the pyloric sphincter
• Relaxation of the duodenal smooth muscle
  Different in solids and liquids

Question 3

What is Gastric Emptying from the Stomach regulated by?

Answer 3

Regulated by vagus nerve and hormones(Ghrelin & GLP-1

Question 4

What is GER ?

Answer 4

The gastric emptying rate is a measure of the speed of delivery of gastric contents into the duodenum.

Question 5

What is gastric emptying?

Answer 5

• Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine
• Nutrients are absorbed within the small intestine (Mostly)

Question 6

What are the 4 factors effected by Gastric Emptying?

Answer 6

1. The energy density of the ingested solution
2. The osmolality and energy content
3. If the nutrient is a solid or liquid
4. Volume

Question 7

What is the difference between full and empty stomach?

Answer 7

Full stomach= Decreased levels in Ghrelin & appetite and the CCK,GLP-1,PYY are increased

Empty stomach= Increased levels in Ghrelin & appetite and the CCK,GLP-1,PYY are decreased

Question 8

What is PYY?

Answer 8

peptide released from the ileum and colon
It reguates the Body weight bu reducing food intake (Reducing Appetite)

Question 9

What is CCK?

Answer 9

Cholecystokinin Hormone which stimulates the pancreas for secretion, gall bladder contraction and regulation of gastric emptying

Question 10

What is GLP-1?

Answer 10

Glycoagen like peptide 1 is a hormone also found in diabetes. It stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits the glycoagen secreation.

It also delays gastric emptying

Question 11

What are methods to measure GER?

Answer 11

-MRI
-Ultrasonography
- Gastric aspiration technique
-Breath test method- 12c Isotope
-Scintigraphy- radioisotope

Question 12

How is the Gastric aspiration technique preformed and what does it show?

Answer 12

-Insertion of tube into stomach and non-absorbable phenol red dye

• Determines the gastric secretion rate and volume to calculate the total gastric content