wk 9- upper extremity (elbow, hand, wrist)

Question 1

located on the dorsum wrist at level of scapho-lunate ligament

Answer 1

ganglion cyst

Question 2

treatment for ganglion cyst

Answer 2

surgery or injected with steroid

Question 3

tumor arise from tendon sheath bit DO NOT move with tendon motion

Answer 3

giant cell tumor

Question 4

giant cell tumor origin

Answer 4

volar surface thumb, index and middle finger of DISTAL interphalangeal joining

Question 5

common name for “nodular synovitis”

Answer 5

giant cell tumor

Question 6

• solid
• hypoechoic
• well defined margins
• hypervascular on colour doppler

Answer 6

giant cell tumor

Question 7

t/f: giant tumors move with tendon motion

Answer 7

false

Question 8

often associated with raspberry skin

Answer 8

hemangioma

Question 9

t/f hemangioma is malignant

Answer 9

false

Question 10

hemangioma are ___ growing

Answer 10

slow

Question 11

appear as hypo or hyperechoic and solid with varying degrees of vascularity

Answer 11

hemangioma

Question 12

t/f: glomus tumors are very common

Answer 12

false

Question 13

arise from neuromyoarterial apparatus in the dermis. Occurring under finger/ toe nails or at volar surface of finger tip

Answer 13

glomus tumor

Question 14

few mm in size, solid, well defined with hypoechoic internal echogenicity & hypervascularity on doppler

Answer 14

glomus tumor

Question 15

schwannoma are ____ located whereas neurofibroma are located ____

Answer 15

eccentrically

centrally

Question 16

most ___ occur along the flexor surface of the forearm or hand

Answer 16

schwannoma

Question 17

schwannoma age range

Answer 17

30-60yrs

Question 18

neurofibroma age range

Answer 18

20-30 yrs

Question 19

arise from the shwann cells of nerve

Answer 19

schwannoma

Question 20

arise from the fasciculi, centrally within nerve

Answer 20

neurofibroma

Question 21

nerve tumor that causes symptoms of tingling or pain

Answer 21

neurofibroma

Question 22

t/f: schwannoma are asymptomatic

Answer 22

true

Question 23

4 tendon pathologies

Answer 23

1. tenosynovitis
2. de quervian’s
3. trigger finger
4. trauma

Question 24

inflammation of the synovial lining of the tendon sheath

Answer 24

tenosynovitis

Question 25

fluid filled sheath with tendon seen in it. Fluid may be echo-free or have internal echoes/ debris

Answer 25

tenosynovitis

Question 26

involves the 1st extensor compartment | -abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicisbrevis sheath

Answer 26

de quervian's

Question 27

de quervian's is related to ___ side pain especially affected with ___ movement

Answer 27

radial | thumb

Question 28

fluid in tendon sheath surrounding normal appearing tendon at 1st extensor compartment

Answer 28

de quervian's

Question 29

in de quervian's the tendon sheath can be ____ & ____

Answer 29

thick & hypoechoic

Question 30

trigger finger most often affect the ___

Answer 30

thumb

Question 31

common age & gender for trigger finger is ___

Answer 31

female 40-60yrs

Question 32

presents with locking of the affected digit

Answer 32

trigger finger

Question 33

hypoechoic nodule on flexor tendon surface prox to A1 pulley system . Can have fluid in sheath and thickening of sheath. Also seen is small peritendinous cysts

Answer 33

trigger finger

Question 34

treatment of trigger finger

Answer 34

- splinting - non-steroid drugs - injections - surgery

Question 35

avulsion of flexor digitorum tendon or ulnar collateral ligament avulsion

Answer 35

trauma

Question 36

sport that commonly causes avulsion of flexor digitorum tendon

Answer 36

volley ball

Question 37

avulsion flexor digitorum tendon occurs during

Answer 37

forced extension

Question 38

unable to flex the distal interphalangeal joint and avulsed tendon end recoils

Answer 38

avulsion of flexor digitorum tendon

Question 39

sport that commonly causes ulnar collateral ligament avulsion

Answer 39

skiing - falling with skii pole in hand

Question 40

abducted thumb becomes HYPERabducted avulsing in insertion of the ulnar collateral ligament from it's proximal phalangeal insertion

Answer 40

ulnar ligament avulsion

Question 41

"stener lesion" results from

Answer 41

ulnar collateral ligament displacement

Question 42

ulnar collateral ligament avulsion at the level of the __ metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Answer 42

1st

Question 43

median nerve entrapment syndrome

Answer 43

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Question 44

chronic tingling fingers often worse at night

Answer 44

CTS

Question 45

CTS is more common at age __ and gender ___

Answer 45

30-60yrs | female

Question 46

t/f: CTS is often bilateral

Answer 46

true

Question 47

a median nerve cross sectional area >__mm-squared is consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 47

15

Question 48

what is an indicator of joint pathology

Answer 48

joint effusion

Question 49

often secondary to cartilaginous loose body (freely moving in joint capsule post trauma)

Answer 49

joint effusion

Question 50

hyaline cartilage is no thicker than ___mm, if thicker than this then joint effusion is suspicious

Answer 50

1

Question 51

originate from synovial lining of joint or tendon sheath

Answer 51

elbow ganglion

Question 52

seen in the presence of inflammation or fluid as fluid filled with thickened synovium

Answer 52

olecranon bursitis

Question 53

lateral epicondylitis occurs ___ than medial epicondylitis

Answer 53

more

Question 54

tennis elbow

Answer 54

lateral epicondylitis

Question 55

golfers elbow

Answer 55

medial epicondylitis

Question 56

___appears as: | -thickened, hypoechoic extensor tendon just proximal to joint space

Answer 56

epicondylitis