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WK15: RNA Viruses Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Naked double stranded RNA virus with two protein layers

A

Rotavirus

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2
Q

Rotavirus is the most common cause of _________

A

viral gastroenteritis

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3
Q

Rotaviruses are Known to attach to the cell through _________

A

Sialic acid-containing-

receptors

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4
Q

Causes a dengue-like infection

A

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

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5
Q

Colorado Tick Fever Virus is Transmitted by ARTHROPOD (VECTOR): _______

A

Dermacentor andersoni (tick)

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6
Q

appear sandy and granular

A

Arenaviridae

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7
Q

True or False:
In genus arenaviridae humans are infected when they inhale the aerosolized virus or come into
contact with fomites

A

True

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8
Q

has been identified as the cellular receptor for the

old-world arenaviruses and the new world clade C arenaviruses

A

alpha-Dystroglycan (DG)

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9
Q

Old World Viruses

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus
Lassa viruses
Lassa-like viruses

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10
Q

infects CNS which can lead to seizures and encephalopathy for the patient

A

LCM Virus

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11
Q

Most well known of the arena viruses

A

Lassa Virus

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12
Q

Viruses replicate initially in the gut of the arthropod vector and eventually appear inthe saliva

A

Bunyaviridae

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13
Q

responsible for virus attachment to target

cells and acid activated penetration

A

Gn

Gc

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14
Q

Develop mental changes, ranging from confusion and agitation to depression and drowsiness

A

CCHF virus

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15
Q

Most common member of this genus hantavirus causing nephropathia epidemica

A

Puumala virus

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16
Q

4 genera of Calciviridae

A

Sapovirus, Norovirus, Logovirus, Vesivirus

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17
Q

Calciviridae capsid is composed of 90 dimers of major structural
protein ____ arranged in
Icosahedral lattice

A

VP1

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18
Q

Most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis in US

A

Norovirus

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19
Q

diarrheagic viruses distinguished by a cup-shaped morphology

A

Sapovirus

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20
Q

Enveloped helical viruses with ssRNA; with distinctive club-shaped projections on
their surfaces

A

Coronaviridae

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21
Q

Involved in the binding to the receptor in the host

A

Spike Protein (S)

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22
Q

Determines the shape of the viral envelope

A

Membrane Protein (M)

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23
Q

Causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

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24
Q

reservoir for SARS-CoV

A

horseshoe

bat

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25
A viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus
Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
26
Major reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
dromedary camels
27
Severe complication: pneumonia in both lungs
NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (2019-nCOV)
28
Binding receptor of SARS-CoV-2
ACE-2 receptor
29
When a person has COVID-19, symptoms start commonly at _____ days
5-6 days
30
True or False: SARS-CoV-2 Has structural differences in its protein that can enable a stronger binding to the ACE- 2 receptor – greater efficiency at invading host cells
True
31
True or False: | When the viral load lowers, Abs are also decreased
False (Abs are increased)
32
detects spike protein of virus or enveloped protein
antigen test
33
Cause Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Marburg Virus
34
Reservoir host of marburg virus
African fruit bat – Rousettus aegyptiacus
35
Most virulent ebola virus
Zaire ebolavirus
36
Ebola originating in the Ph
Ebola-Reston
37
Flaviviridae found in the Ph
Japanese encephalitis virus | Dengue virus
38
True or False: | Flaviviridae virions are enveloped and have prominent spikes
False (no prominent spikes)
39
Major cause of encephalitis in Asia and is the most common cause of arboviralencephalitis in the world
Japanese Encephalitis Virus
40
Dengue is transmitted by
Aedesmosquito – Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
41
Developed after a patient have already been exposed to one serotype of dengue virus and are then exposed to one of the other three serotypes
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
42
Trasmission cycles of yellow fever virus
Sylvatic Urban Intermediate cylces
43
Transmitted to humans by bird-biting Culex mosquitoes
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
44
Neuroinvasive disease
West Nile Virus
45
Dangerous for pregnant women because it can cause “Microencephaly” and other severe fatal brain defects
Zika Virus
46
used to bind to host cells
Hemagglutinin (H)
47
leaves budding viruses from infected cells
Neuraminidase (N)
48
minor change in antigenic structure as mutations accumulate | - occur in Influenza A, B, C
Antigenic Drifts
49
Only associated with influenza A
Antigenic Shifts (Drastic change)
50
Contain RNA from bird, human and swine strains of | virus
Highly infectious novel form of influenza (H1N1) – Swine flu
51
Nonhuman influenza virus normally found in swine
Influenza variant (H3N2v)
52
enveloped; its genome consists of seven ssRNA segments, | lacking the gene coding for neuraminidase
INFLEUNZA C VIRUS
53
Influenza Viruses can also cause ________ if left untreated
fatal viral pneumonia
54
PIVs 1 and 3 belong to genus _______
Paramyxovirus
55
Surface antigens of PIV (Parainfluenza)
hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) - adhesion fusion (F) antigen – for fusion of virus to the cell
56
PIV causing serious illness
1 and 2
57
Causes acute illness producing unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid glands
Mumps Virus
58
Cause measles
rubeola
59
Incubation period of measles virus
7-10 days
60
lesions on the oral mucosa consisting of irregular red spots
Koplik spots (Measles)
61
Causes croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and interstitial pneumonia
Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)
62
More prevalent in areas with poverty, poor hygiene and poor sanitation
Enteroviruses
63
Infect the nervous system and can cause paralysis in small percentage of infected patients
Poliovirus
64
A mild prodromal phase may develop, with malaise, headache, and abdominal pains
COCKSACKIEVIRUS TYPE A5, A10, A16 and ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 71
65
True or False: Rhinovirus is susceptible to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes but are resistant to a pH lower than 6
False (Resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes but are sensitive to a pH lower than 6)
66
Primary target cells of HIV
CD4+ T cells, monocytes, macrophages
67
HIV 1 can directly cause ________ and ________
Encephalitis and Dementia
68
Spherical virus, with a three- layer structure
HIV
69
Diagnostically important HIV antigens: structural proteins______
p24, gp41, gp120, gp16
70
Enveloped RNA viruses characterized by their shape (Bullet or rod), and helical nucleocapsids that are enclosed in a lipid envelope
Rabies Virus
71
Rabies is transmitted by ______
bite or scratch of rabid animal
72
gold standard is to detect rabies antigen in the | infected tissue preferably as brain smear or touch impression
Post mortem
73
Inclusion body in the nervous cells which is pathognomonic
Negri Bodies (rabies virus)
74
_____ or _______ or ______ products should be used for category III exposures as well as for some category II exposures
Human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) or | equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG) or F(ab’)2
75
Nibbling of uncovered skin | Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding
Type II contact (rabies)
76
Arthropod borne zoonotic virus maintained in rodents, primates and birds by mosquito vectors
Alphavirus
77
Milder disease than EEE and patients develop an | asymptomatic or mild infection consisting of fever, headache, nausea and mental status change
Westernequine encephalitis (WEE) virus
78
Causes the disease or German measles
rubella virus
79
Associated with congenital anomalies
``` Toxoplasmosis Other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella, and fifth disease) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex ```

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