Women

Question 1

Bio Fannie Williams

Answer 1

1. grew up in NY as high-status woman
2. active among Chicago reformers
3. first AfAm women to gain membership to Chicago’s Women’s Club
4. NACW and NAACP

Question 2

Fannie Williams, “The Intellectual Progress of Coloured Women of the United States” (1893)

Answer 2

1. innate moral character of black women
2. educated black women insisting on more godly and cultivated black ministry
3. importance of education
4. double oppression of black women
5. black women part of social forces that must help determine questions that affect women generally

Question 3

Where did Fannie Williams deliver her speech?

Answer 3

World’s Congress of Representative Women

predominantly white audience

Question 4

Anna Julia Cooper’s feminist awakening?

Answer 4

during school, realised her male classmates were encouraged to study a more rigorous curriculum than female students

Question 5

Anna Julia Cooper, “The Status of Women in America” (1892)

Answer 5

1. women as antidotes to men
2. unique position of black women: race problem and woman question
3. exclusion from public life brought them closer to God
4. women stand in gateway of new era, great optimism
5. neither the civil rights movement nor the women’s movement is able to progress and advance without the influence and role of black women driving changes

Question 6

Fannie Williams Message

Answer 6

1. black women should work alongside white women in their struggle, and be accepted as co-workers

Question 7

Cooper’s message in “A Voice from the South”

Answer 7

advanced vision of self-determination through education and social uplift of African American women

Question 8

Bio Mary Church Terrell

Answer 8

1. father first AfAm millionaire in South, parents part of black elite in Memphis
2. attended Oberlin College alongside Cooper, navigated with ease due to racial ambiguity
3. first president of NACW
4. prolific literary creativity

Question 9

significance of railroad

Answer 9

1. 1896: Plessy vs Fergusson established “Jim Crow” cars
2. experiences of black women on train featured in writings of many black female activists
3. railroad powerfully shaped and symbolised limits of black liberty