WOMEN, CASTE AND REFORM

Question 1

PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH WIDOW REMARRIAGE?

Answer 1

1. ISHWARCHANDARA VIDYASAGAR
2. VEERASALINGAM PANTULU
3. SWAMI DAYANAND SARASWATI
4. MAHADEV GOVIND RANADE
5. BRAHMO SAMAJ
6. JAGANNATH SETH AND BHAU DAJI
7. VISHNU SHASTRI PANDIT
8. KARSONDAS MULJI
9. D.K. KARVE
10. B.M. MALABARI
11. NARMADASHANKAR LABHSHANKAR DAVE
12. K. NATARAJAN.

Question 2

______, USED THE ANCIENT TEXTS TO SUGGEST THAT WIDOWS COULD REMARRY. HIS SUGGESTION WAS ADOPTED BY BRITISH OFFICIALS AND A LAW WAS PASSED IN 1856 PERMITTING WIDOW REMARRIAGE.

Answer 2

ISHWARCHANDRA VIDYASAGAR.

Question 3

IN TELUGU SPEAKING AREAS OF THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY, ________ FORMED AN ASSOCIATION FOR WIDOW REMARRIAGE.

Answer 3

VEERASALINGAM PANTULU.

Question 4

HINDU WIDOW REMARRIAGE ACT 1856, ALSO ACT 15, 1856, PASSED ON 16 JULY, 1856, LEGALIZED THE REMARRIAGE OF WIDOWS IN ALL JURISDICTION OF INDIA UNDER EAST INDIA COMPANY RULE.
DRAFTED BY ______ AND PASSED BY _______ BEFORE THE 1857 REVOLT.

Answer 4

DRAFTED BY LORD DALHOUSIE AND PASSED BY LORD CANNING.

Question 5

HINDU MAHILA VIDYALAYA WAS FOUNDED BY?

Answer 5

BRITIST TRANSLATOR ANNETTE AYKROYD.

Question 6

ONE OF THE FIRST INSTITUTIONS TO PROVIDE GIRLS WITH THE KIND OF LEARNING THAT WAS USUAL FOR BOYS AT THE TIME WAS?

Answer 6

HINDU MAHILA VIDYALAYA.

Question 7

_______ REINTERPRETED VERSES FROM THE KORAN TO ARGUE FOR WOMEN’S EDUCATION?

Answer 7

MUMTAZ ALI.

Question 8

SHE STARTED SCHOOLS FOR MUSLIM GIRLS IN PATNA AND CALCUTTA.
SHE WAS A FEARLESS CRITIC OF CONSERVATIVE IDEAS, ARGUING THAT RELIGIOUS LEADERS OF EVERY FAITH ACCORDED AN INFERIOR PLACE TO WOMEN.

Answer 8

BEGUM ROKEYA SAKHAWAT HOSSAIN.

Question 9

______ SECRETLY LEARNED TO READ AND WRITE IN THE FLICKERING LIGHT OF CANDLES AT NIGHT.

Answer 9

RASHUNDARI DEBI.

Question 10

BOOK STRIPURUSHTULNA WAS PUBLISHED BY?

Answer 10

TARABAI SHINDE, A WOMEN EDUCATED AT HOME AT POONA.

Question 11

PEOPLE SUPPORTING WOMEN’S EDUCATION EXAMPLES?

Answer 11

1. ISHWARCHANDRA VIDYASAGAR
2. ARYA SAMAJ
3. JYOTIRAO PHULE
4. MUMTAZ ALI
5. BEGUM ROKHEYA SAKHAWAT HOSSAIN
6. PANDITA RAMABAI

Question 12

CHILD MARRIAGE RESTRAINT ACT WAS PASSED IN?

Answer 12

1929, IT WAS PASSED WITHOUT ANY BITTER DEBATES AND STRUGGLES THAT EARLIER LAWS HAD SEEN.

Question 13

MARRIAGE AGE AS PER CHILD MARRIAGE RESTRAINT ACT OF 1929?

Answer 13

NO MAN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 AND WOMAN BELOW THE AGE OF 16 COULD MARRY.
SUBSEQUENTLY THESE LIMITS WERE RAISED TO 21 FOR MEN AND 18 FOR WOMEN.

Question 14

PARAMHANS MANDALI WAS FOUNDED IN?

Answer 14

1840 TO WORK FOR THE ABOLITION OF CASTE.

Question 15

_____ CARRIED MANY INDIAN LABOURERS TO MAURITIUS WHERE THEY DID A VARIETY OF FORMS OF HARD LABOUR. MOST OF THESE LABOURERS WERE FROM LOW CASTES.

Answer 15

JOHN ALLEN.

Question 16

MADIGAS AND DUBLAS COMMUNITY BELONGED TO WHICH AREA IN MODERN INDIA?

Answer 16

MADIGAS- ANDHRA PRADESH
DUBLAS- GUJARAT.

Question 17

SATNAMI MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL INDIA WAS FOUNDED BY?

Answer 17

GHASIDAS. HE WORKED AMONG THE LEATHER WORKERS AND ORGANIZED A MOVEMENT TO IMPROVE THEIR SOCIAL STATUS.

Question 18

IN EASTERN BENGAL______ SECT WORKED AMONG CHANDALAS CULTIVATORS.
_______ QUESTIONED THE BRAHMANICAL TEXTS THAT SUPPORTED THE CASTE SYSTEM.

Answer 18

HARIDAS THAKUR’S MATUA SECT.
HARIDAS QUESTIONED BRAHMANICAL TEXTS.

Question 19

ORU JATI, ORU MATAM, ORU DAIVAM MANUSHYANU (ONE CASTE, ONE RELIGION, ONE GOD FOR HUMANKIND) WAS SAID BY?

Answer 19

SHRI NARAYANA GURU, A GURU FROM EZHAVA CASTE FROM KERELA.

Question 20

BORN IN 1827, HE STUDIED IN SCHOOLS SET UP BY CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES.
HE SET OUT TO ATTACK THE BRAHMANS’ CLAIM THAT THEY WERE SUPERIOR TO OTHERS, SINCE THEY WERE ARYANS.
HE ARGUED THAT ARYANS WERE FOREIGNERS, WHO CAME FROM OUTSIDE THE SUBCONTINENT, AND DEFEATED AND SUBJUGATED THE TRUE CHILDREN OF THE COUNTRY.
ACCORDING TO HIM THE UPPER CASTES HAD NO RIGHT TO THEIR LAND AND POWER: IN REALITY, THE LAND BELONGED TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, THE SO CALLED LOW CASTES.

Answer 20

JYOTIRAO PHULE.

Question 21

_______PROPOSED THAT SHUDRAS (LABOURING CASTES) AND ATI SHUDRAS (UNTOUCHABLES) SHOULD UNITE TO CHALLENGE CASTE DISCRIMINATION.

Answer 21

JYOTIRAO PHULE.

Question 22

THE CULTIVATOR’S WHIPCORD IS WRITTEN BY?

Answer 22

JYOTIRAO PHULE. IN 1883 HE PUBLISHED A COLLECTION OF HIS SPEECHES UNDER THE TITLE JHETKARYARLCHA ASUD (THE CULTIVATOR’S WHIPCORD).

Question 23

GULAMGIRI WAS WRITTEN BY?

Answer 23

JYOTIRAO PHULE IN 1873.
PHULE DEDICATED HIS BOOK TO ALL THOSE AMERICANS WHO HAD FOUGHT TO FREE SLAVES, THUS ESTABLISHING A LINK BETWEEN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER CASTES IN INDIA AND THE BLACK SLAVES IN AMERICA.

Question 24

TEMPLE ENTRY MOVEMENT STARTED IN?

Answer 24

1927 BY DR AMBEDKAR IN WHICH HIS MAHAR CASTE FOLLOWERS PARTICIPATED.
HE LED THREE SUCH MOVEMENTS FOR TEMPLE ENTRY BETWEEN 1927 AND 1935.

Question 25

WHY DID E.V. RAMASWAMY NAICKER OR PERIYAR LEFT THE CONGRESS?

Answer 25

HE FOUND THAT AT A FEAST ORGANIZED BY NATIONALISTS, SEATING ARRANGEMENTS FOLLOWED CASTE DISTINCTIONS.

Question 26

WHO FOUNDED THE SELF RESPECT MOVEMENT?

Answer 26

• E.V. RAMASWAMY NAICKER OR PERIYAR (A BELIJA NAIDU) IN 1920s.
• HE SOUGHT TO UNDERMINE THE POSITION OF BRAHMIN PRIESTS BY FORMALIZING WEDDINGS WITHOUT BRAHMINS PRIESTS.
• HE ARGUED THAT UNTOUCHABLES WERE THE TRUE UPHOLDERS OF AN ORIGINAL TAMIL AND DRAVIDIAN CULTURE.

Question 27

TERM THARA MUKURTHAM MEANING?

Answer 27

“KANNIKADHANAM ” OR “THARA MUHURTHAM ”, MEANS THAT THE GIRL IS TAKEN OVER OR GIVEN AWAY TO SERVE AS A SLAVE OF THE BRIDEGROOM. THE BRIDE IS HANDED OVER LIKE ANY OTHER CHATTEL, A COW OR A VESSEL, WITH NO RIGHTS OF ITS OWN. THIS IS ESSENTIALLY AN ARYAN PRACTICE IMPOSED ON THE DRAVIDIAN RACE.
PERIYAR SAID ON ARRIVAL OF SUCH WORDS WOMEN HAD BECOME PUPPETS IN THE HANDS OF THEIR HUSBANDS.

Question 28

PERIYAR CHINTAHNAIKAL IS WRITTEN BY?

Answer 28

E.V. RAMASWAMY NAICKER OR PERIYAR.

Question 29

PERIYAR WAS OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF HINDU SCRIPTURES SUCH AS?

Answer 29

1. THE CODES OF MANU
2. THE ANCIENT LAWGIVER
3. BHAGAVAD GITA
4. RAMAYANA.
   HE SAID THAT THESE TEXTS HAD BEEN USED TO ESTABLISH THE AUTHORITY OF BRAHMANS OVER LOWER CASTES AND THE DOMINATION OF MEN OVER WOMEN.

Question 30

OPPOSITION TO PERIYAR?

Answer 30

ORTHODOX HINDU SOCIETY ALSO REACTED BY FOUNDING
1. BHARAT DHARMA SABHAS AND THE BHARAT DHARMA MAHAMANDAL IN NORTH.
2. BRAHMAN SABHA IN BENGAL.
THE OBJECTIVE OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE TO UPHOLD CASTE DISTINCTIONS AS A CORNERSTONE OF HINDUISM, AND SHOW HOW THIS WAS SANCTIFIED BY SCRIPTURES.

Question 31

THE BRAHMO SAMAJ TENETS?

Answer 31

1. FORMED IN 1830.
2. PROHIBITED ALL FORMS OF IDOLATRY AND SACRIFICE.
3. BELIEVED IN UPANISHADS AND FORBADE ITS MEMBERS FROM CRITICISING OTHER RELIGIOUS PRACTICES.
4. IT CRITICALLY DREW UPON THE IDEALS OF RELIGIONS- ESPECIALLY OF HINDUISM AND CHRISTIANITY- LOOKING AT THEIR NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE DIMENSIONS.

Question 32

DEROZIO AND YOUNG BENGAL MOVEMENT TENETS?

Answer 32

1. HENRY LOUIS VIVIAN DEROZIO, A TEACHER AT HINDU COLLEGE, CALCUTTA, IN THE 1820s, PROMOTED RADICAL IDEAS AND ENCOURAGED HIS PUPILS TO QUESTION ALL AUTHORITY.
2. REFERRED TO AS THE YOUNG BENGAL MOVEMENT, HIS STUDENTS ATTACKED TRADITION AND CUSTOM, DEMANDED EDUCATION FOR WOMEN AND CAMPAIGNED FOR THE FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION.

Question 33

1. PRARTHANA SAMAJ WAS ESTABLISHED IN IN 1867 AT BOMBAY.
2. ITS RELIGIOUS MEETINGS DREW UPON HINDU, BUDDHIST AND CHRISTIAN TEXTS.
   TRUE/FALSE.

Answer 33

1. TRUE
2. TRUE.

Question 34

1. VEDA SAMAJ ESTABLISHED IN MADRAS (CHENNAI) IN 1864.
2. IT WAS INSPIRED BY BRAHMO SAMAJ.
3. IT WORKED TO ABOLISH CASTE DISTINCTIONS AND PROMOTE WIDOW REMARRIAGE AMD WOMEN’S EDUCATION.
4. ITS MEMBERS BELIEVED IN ONE GOD.
5. THEY CONDEMNED THE SUPERSTITIONS AND RITUALS OF ORTHODOX HINDUISM.
   TRUE/FALSE.

Answer 34

ALL ARE TRUE.

Question 35

SINGH SABHA MOVEMENT WERE FORMED AT AMRITSAR IN _____ AND AT LAHORE IN ______.

Answer 35

1873, 1879.