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Classical civilisation > Women in Religion > Flashcards

Women in Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the Pythia

A

priestess of Apollo in Delphi, though to be one of the most reliable in the world

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2
Q

what was a Hiereia?

A

a Greek priestess

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3
Q

what was a Pantheon

A

a group of gods and goddesses

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4
Q

what were sacrifices and where were they

A

Sacrificing was the most important way for Greeks to worship the gods, and would be left at the alter

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5
Q

what were libations

A

liquid offerings poured into the ground

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6
Q

who would examine the organs of a sacrifice

A

a mantis

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7
Q

what was a mantis

A

a Greek prophet seer or soothsayer

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8
Q

what were the two opportunities where unmarried Athenian girls could take part in religious worship

A
  1. The Arrephoroi (bearers of secret offerings)

.four girls selected from age 7 to eleven were selected to live on the Acropolis and would fetch baskets containing sacred items for the festival of Arrephoria

  1. Bears, girls 5-10 would be selected as bears and spend time honering the goddess Artemis
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9
Q

what would cause the Pythia to become intoxicated

A

most likely the burning of laurel leaves inside her room

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10
Q

who would interpret for the Pythia

A

priests

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11
Q

define religious pollution

A

state of uncleanness acquired in a number of different ways that offended the gods and prevented participation in religious festivals.

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12
Q

what were the three religious festivals that were particularly significant for women

A

.The Thesmophoria

.The Cult of Dionysus

.The Great Panathenaea

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13
Q

Who did the Great Panathenaia celebrate

A

Festival held every four years to honour the birthday of Athena patron goddess of Athens

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14
Q

what is a Peplos

A

.Greek dress, a peplos is weaved for the olivewood statue of Athena

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15
Q

who were the Ergistini

A

female weavers that made the Peplos

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16
Q

what is a frieze

A

a painted decoration depicting a scene

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17
Q

what did the ergistini weave onto the peplos

A

mythical battle of the gods VS the giants (gigantomachy)

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18
Q

what frieze dipicted the Great Panathenaia

A

The Parthenon frieze on the Parthenon building

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19
Q

what did the frieze depict

A
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20
Q

where would the peplos end up

A

on the Acropolis

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21
Q

what was the Chiton

A

a long woollen dress

22
Q

who was Demeter

A

goddess of fertility and harvest

23
Q

what was the primary function of the Thesmophoria

A

to ensure good success for next years harvest

24
Q

which story was mirrored in the ritual of the Thesmophoria

A

the abduction of Persephone

25
Q

What were the stages of the Thesmophoria

A

day 1. worshippers would set up temporary shelters near the Pnyx

day 2. worshippers fasted and covered themselves in ash to mourn like Demeter

day 3. worshippers said blessings related to fertility, children or bountiful crops

26
Q

what was the pnyx

A

the hill on which the Athenian Assembly met

27
Q

what would happen to the piglets before The Thesmophoria ritual and why?

A

.pigs would be lowed into a chasm and brought back up after decomposing

.this symbolised the Persephone’s journey into darkness then back into light.

.The decomposed bits would be mixed with corn and later spread onto the fields

28
Q

what was the Thesmophoria a good chance for women

A

.weren’t under direct control of her Kyrios

.an opportunity to socialise and make new friends

.they were allowed to be rude and joke with each other

29
Q

what was a mystery cult

A

a type of religious worship only open to certain people

30
Q

define ekstasis

A

experience of being someone other than yourself

31
Q

what were Maenad/bacchant

A

female worshippers of Dionysus

32
Q

what was (briefly) the cult of Dionysus

A

.women would go out to the countryside, get intoxicated dance and sing and dance.

.it helped women to shake of patriarchal constraints

33
Q

what does the Maenad cup depict

A

a very detailed image of a Maenad

34
Q

who could bury family members

A

only direct relatives or woman over sixty

35
Q

how was the body prepared

A

.body anointed with oils

.clothed

.coin would be placed in the mouth to pay Charon and cross the river styx

36
Q

the vestal virgins main roles

A

.attend religious festivals
.bake the sacred salt cakes
.tend to the sacred fire

37
Q

how many vestal virgins were there and how were they picked

A

.6
.chosen from rich families in Rome

38
Q

what was the consequences of letting the fire die

A

buried alive to sacrifice to Dona Dea

39
Q

Where was the house of the vestal virgins

A

in the civic heart of Rome in the forum

40
Q

Who were the flamines

A

a college of fifteen priests, each priest associated with a single deity

41
Q

which god did the Flamen Dialis serve

A

Jupiter

42
Q

who was the Flaminica Dialis

A

the wife of the Flamen Dialis

43
Q

what were the duties of the Flaminica Dialis

A

.sacrifice a ram every eigth day
.weaving the ceremonial clock for their husband
.attending religious ceremonies with her husband
.avoid religious pollution by following certain superstitions

44
Q

define Pudacitia

A

Roman feminine sexual modesty

45
Q

what was the cult of Patricia Pudicitia? Who could join?

A

a cult dedicated to the worship of the goddesss in a shrine in the forum Boarium

.only open to women of the high/Patrician class

46
Q

define Univira

A

a Roman woman whos only married once

47
Q

what was the Plebeian class

A

commoners in Ancient Rome

48
Q

who started the Cult of Plebeia Pudicitia and why

A

.Verginia

.She was of noble class but married a Plebian so was not permitted to join

.a Temple of Plebeia Pudicitia was built on the Quirinal Hill

49
Q

who was the Sybil

A

. Roman prophetess or female mantis

50
Q

who and what were the keepers of the Sibylline Books in Rome

A

the Quindecemviri were 15 men who were the books keepers

51
Q

what colour was the Peplos dyed?

A

purple and saffron

52
Q

What dish is the Dionysus source painted on

A

A kylix

Classical civilisation (17 decks)

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