Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OB > women's health (unit 3) > Flashcards

women's health (unit 3) Flashcards

(115 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

menarche

A
  • avg. age 12.5 yrs

* irregular and scant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

menstrual cycle

A
  • 28 day duration

* 1st day of period=1st day of cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

leading causes of death in women

A
  • heart dz
  • cancer
  • cerebrovascular dz
  • pneumonia, influenza
  • chronic lung dz
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

education prior to pelvic exam

A
  • schedule b/t periods
  • don’t douch or have sex 48 hr
  • no vag. meds, sprays, etc
  • empty bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A
  • screening for cancer
  • speculum, spatula, and brush used to collect cells
  • first @ 21 y/o
  • qyr to 30
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bimanual examination

A
  • purpose is to palpate size, position, and consistency of uterus and cervix
  • any ovarian tumors found are advanced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

breast exams

A 
•yearly by MD
•monthly by self
•mammogram yearly afte  40
•q2yrs after 50
*lawn mower starting at axilla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inspection during breast exam

A
  • texture/color
  • nipple position
  • symmetrical movement
  • dimpling or masses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

palpation during breast exam

A
  • lymph nodes

* while sitting and lying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fibroadenoma

A
  • benign breast disorder
  • firm hard, feely mobile mass (NOT cancer)
  • DONT change w/ cycle
  • teens/20s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fibrocystic changes***

A
  • benign breast disorder
  • bilateral pain/tenderness
  • occurs prior to menopause
  • CHANGES during cycle
  • tx: OTC pain meds (NSAIDs); no caffeine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ductal ectasia

A
  • benign breast disorder
  • ducts become distended and filled
  • irregular mass
  • enlarged axillary nodes
  • nipple retraction and d/c
  • occurs near menopause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

intraductal papilloma

A
  • benign breast disorder
  • d/c from nipple
  • occurs near menopause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

high risk of breast cancer

A
  • personal/fam hx of breast CA
  • hx of uterine/ovarian/colon CA
  • > 50 y/o
  • nulliparity or AMA
  • early menarche/late menopause
  • lifestyle factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

invasive breast cancer

A

•when tumor growth expands into tissue surrounding duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

metastasis

A
  • cells are spread from tumor by both blood and lymph

* common end sites are lungs, liver, bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inflammatory breast cancer

A
  • blocks lymph vessels in breast skin
  • Peau de’ orange
  • aggressive
  • dx by biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

breast cancer dx

A
  • fine needle biopsy

* incisional biopsy (lumpectomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lumpectomy

A
  • breast cancer tx

* lump and surrounding tissue are removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

simple mastectomy

A

•entire breast removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

•entire breast and surrounding lymph nodes removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lumpectomy/mastectomy post-op

A

*prevent lymph edema
•no venipuncture/BP on affected arm
•arm above heart in RR
•exercise arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

breast cancer tx adjuvant therapies

A

•radiation
•chemo
•hormones (SERMs)
*depends on age and stage of CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tamoxifen

A 
•hormone breast CA adjuvant therapy
•only works on estrogen receptive tumors
•blocks estrogen in body
•SE: similar to menopause
*SERM- selective estrogen receptor modulator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
candidiasis
``` •vaginal infection r/t moniliasis or yeast •pH < 4.5 •white, thick, curdy, no odor d/c •itching •not sexually transmitted *recurrent yeast r/t HIV+ ```
26
candidiasis med tx
* Monistat * gyne-lotrimin * mycostatin * diflucan * vagistat * terazol
27
bacterial vaginosis
* malodorous, profuse dc that is thin gray/white or yellow/green * pH >5 * not sexually transmitted * refrain from sex until cured
28
bacterial vaginosis med tx
* metronidazole | * clinda cream
29
gonorrhea
* green d/c, dyspareunia, dysuria | * abx tx
30
chlamydia
* yellow d/c * asymptomatic in women * can lead to infertility or PID if no tx * tx: abx
31
trichomoniasis
* thin malodorous green/yellow d/c * itching, redness, edema * strawberry cervix * looks like sperm * tx: metronidazole
32
syphilis
* painless chancre (male ID) * primary, secondary, tertiary stages * VDRL or RPR * tx: PCN ONLY
33
herpes
* blisters, severe vulvular pain, dyspareunia * no cure * tx: acyclovir (anti-viral)
34
immunioquid
•immune system stimulant to get body to fight itself
35
human papilloma virus
* genital warts * strong association w/ cervical cancer * tx: remove wart via TCA
36
is HIV/AIDs sexually transmitted?
•yes
37
is hep B or C sexually transmitted
•yes
38
is GBS sexually transmitted
* no | * not exclusively transmitted by blood/body fld.
39
pelvic inflammatory dz (PID)
* infection of upper genital tract usually d/t "silent" STD * abd pain, cervical motion tenderness, fever, N/V, anorexia * tx:
40
toxic shock syndrome
* fatal cndt. caused by staph aureus * can lead to hypovolemia, hypotension, and shock * s/sx: fever, flu-like, hypotension, rash
41
toxic shock syndrome tx
* fluid * vasopressor drugs * antimicrobials
42
toxic shock prevention
* hand washing before tampon/diaphragm * change tampon q4hr * no diaphragm during menses * remove diaphragm as directed
43
causes of menstrual disorders
* PG complications * anatomic lesions * drug-induced bleeding * systemic d/o * failure to ovulate
44
menstrual d/o management
* treat cause * treat any anemia * surgery- D&C, hyst, laser ablation
45
normal amnt of bleeding after menopause
NONE!!
46
primary amenorrhea
* menarche after 16 | * menarche 1 yr later than mom and same age as sister
47
secondary amenorrhea
* absence of menstruation of 3 cycles after regular cycles established * most common cause is PG
48
amenorrhea tx
* PG test * treat underlying cause * nutritional counseling * hormone replacement * ovulation stimulation * periodic progesterone
49
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
* endocrine d/o r/t imbalance of male/female hormones * cysts in ovaries * s/sx: infertility, acne, thining hair, hirsutism, inulin resistance, irregular/absent cycles
50
mittelschemerz
•pelvic pain that occurs with ovulation
51
primary dysmenorrhea
* menstrual pain w/o pathology * occurs hrs from start of menses * spasmotic, colicky * most common in nulliparous
52
secondary dysmenorrhea
``` •menstrual pain that occurs b/c of dz process -fibroids -endometriosis -PID •tx: OCPs, NSAIDs ```
53
endometriosis
* development of endometrial implants outside uterus * implants enlarge/stretch, causing pain * cause unkn * often causes infertility b/c of tube or ovary occluding/strangling * dx by laparoscopy
54
endometriosis tx
* hormone supression * ablation * hysterectomy
55
premenstrual syndrom (PMS)
•s/sx must be cyclic and recur after luteal phase •s/sx free during follicular phase •s/sx severe and interfere w/ life *etiology unkn
56
physical s/sx PMS
* edema * wt gain * bloating * hot flashes * constipation * HA * acne * breast pain
57
behavioral s/sx PMS
* anxiety * depression * irritability * mood swings * aggressive * inc. appetite * fatigue * insomnia
58
PMS management
* good nutrition * vit. B * avoid caffeine, simple sugars, salt, etoh * stress management * exercise * adequate sleep
59
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
* severe PMS | * high r/o suicide
60
infertility
•inability to conceive after 1 yr of unprotected intercourse •d/t delayed childbearing or physiological factors -male responsible 40% of time
61
female infertility causes
* ovulatory d/o*** * abnormal tubes/cervix * repeated PG loss
62
repeated PG loss causes
* fetal chromosomal abnormalities * cervix/uterus abnormals * endocrine abnormalities * immune abnormalities * infection * environmental factors
63
male infertility causes
* infection * ED * seminal fld./sperm abnormal (pH) * environmental * ejaculation probs.
64
infertility tx
* treat cause (thyroid d/o, etc) * artificial insemination * invitro fertilization * sperm/ovum donation * meds: Clomid
65
basal body temperature and ovulation
•increases and stays higher if PG
66
menopause
* end of menses * avg. age 51 * can be induced/created artificially
67
artificial induction of menopause
•surgical removal of ovaries •destruction of ovaries by radiation *s/sx more severe than natural
68
body changes of menopause
* cessation of estrogen/progesterone production * vag. atrophy/dryness * forgetful, diff. concentrating, insomnia, BA, HA, depression * mood swings * hot flashes * bladder/urethra atrophy
69
why hot flashes
•dec. endogenous estrogen | *most common reason women seek care
70
why insomnia during menopasue
•lack of estrogen on hypothalamus
71
uterine leiomyomas
* benign uterine tumors * may cause bleeding, anemia, pressure * tx: myomectomy, hyst, GnRH agonists
72
ovarian cysts
* benign tumors of ovary * luteal are painful * tx: OCPs, U/S, surgery
73
endometrial cancer key s/sx
•bleeding after menopause
74
cervical cancer almost always caused by
•HPV
75
most effective and safest method of contraception
abstinence
76
basal body temperature method of contraception
* natural family planning method * temp drops prior to ovulation and then rises for several days after * several months of graphs
77
calendar (rhythm) method of contraception
* natural family planning | * record menstrual cycles for 6-8 months to ID shortest/longest
78
billings method of contraception
* natural family planning | * based on cervical mucus changes through cycle
79
barrier contraceptive methods
•Diaphragm •cervical cap •condoms (male/female) *some reduce risk of STDs
80
diaphragm
* requires fitting by provider * DOESNT protect against STDs * used with spermicidal jelly * insert 6 hrs a and leave in place 6-8 hrs p sex * don't use if hx of UTI * replace q2-3yr or 10 lb wt change * r/o toxic shock
81
cervical cap
* rubber cup w/ firm round rim * filled w/ spermicide prior to insertion * place 30 min a sex * leave in for 6-8 hrs p sex * 48 hr protection * DOESNT protect against STD
82
spermicides
•used 15-30 min a intercourse •reapply w/ each encounter & q1h •DOESNT protect against STDs *use with other method for best results
83
male condom
* oldest form of contraception * protects against HIV and some STDs * use w/ spermicide -> 99% effective * easy to break
84
female condom
* traps sperm in sheath placed in uterus * placed 8 hrs prior to sex * may prevents STDs better than male * more expensive than male
85
coitus interruptus
•withdrawal method of contraception •ejaculate deposited away form vag. •DOESNT protect against STDs *REMEMBER preejaculate can contain sperm
86
intrauterine device
* interferes w/ sperm transport to tubes * lasts 1-8 yrs * DOESNT protect against STDs * medicated w/ copper or progesterone * contraindicated in PID, STD, nullparous
87
PAINS
``` *IUD warning signs Period late, abn, spotting Abdominal pain, pain w/ sex Infection exposure/discharge Not feeling well (fever, chills) String missing ```
88
combined oral contraceptives (COC)
* combo of estrogen (estradiol) and progesterone (many kinds) * suppresses ovulation*** * thickened cervical mucus * effects endometrial lining
89
COC advantages
* dec. menstrual s/sx * treats menstrual irreg. * lighter cycle * improves acne * manipulates cycle * dec. # cycles * enhanced sexual enjoyment * dec. r/o cancer, cysts, PID, etc
90
Beyaz & Safryal
•new COC that adds folic acid, which remains consistent for 20 wks after discontinuation
91
Natazia
•new estrogen w/ diff. timing and only 2 placebo pills
92
Lo loestrin Fe
•lowest estrogen to date and 2 day placebo pills (Fe tablets)
93
COC disadvantages
* spotting during beginning of tx * missed period/amenorrhea * depression, anxiety, irritability, fatigue * inc. r/o adenocarcinoma cervical cancer * N/V, hunger, HA, HTN, wt gain * inc. r/o DVT, MI, stroke*** (lower if don't smoke, have HTN, or migraines)
94
Seasonale
* tricycle regimen * 63 active pills in a row, then 7 days off * ALL monophasic (one dose of hormones every day)
95
Lybrel
* continuous contraception * advantageous if menstrual complications, migraines, epilepsy, etc * dec. r/o breast cancer
96
what meds decrease COC effectiveness
* ampicillin * doxycycline * tetracycline
97
ACHES
``` *COC s/sx needing MD contact Abdominal pain (severe) Chest pain, cough, SOB HA, dizziness/weakness/numbness Eye problems Severe leg pain *DONT just stop pill ```
98
combined vaginal contraceptive
* vaginal ring * once a month BC inserted by pt * releases hormones that are absorbed thru vaginal canal * same drugs as pill
99
combined topical contraceptive
* patch changed weekly * placed on abd/upper torso/butt/upper arm (NOT breast) * lots of complications * not effective in > 195 lbs
100
progestin-only pill (mini-pill)
•contraception of choice for lactating moms b/c doesn't effect milk •works by changing endometrium and cervical mucous •best if > 40 y/o •DOESNT protect against STDs *must take at same time everyday
101
implanon
``` •long-acting progestational agent •prevents PG for 3 yrs •device implanted under skin -prevents ovulation -cervical mucous -thins endo •reversible ```
102
depo-provera
``` •oil-based long acting progesterone •admin q12wk •injection •prevents ectopic PG •may take 10 months to get PG after discontinue •r/o dec. bone density and wt gain -reverses after d/c ```
103
when is postcoital contraception used
``` •woman had unprotected intercourse •failed method (ex: condom break) •rape •intermittent isolated intercourse *89% chance no PG *ineffective if already PG (NOT abortion) ```
104
Postcoital (emergency) contraception side effects
* N/V | * menstrual changes
105
medical abortion
•RU-486 •misoprostal -blocks folic acid and causes uterine cramping •methotrexate (antineoplastic)
106
female sterilization
•surgery to ligate, clip, or destroy part of fallopian tube •ovulation still occurs, but ovum absorbed •must be > 21 y/o •used if for sure don't want kids or for medical purposes •r/o ectopic PG *NOT STD protection
107
Essure
``` •non-surgical female sterilization •coil in place of fallopian tube •natural scarring (after 3 months) -need BC during (no IUD) •MUST have 3 month confirm test •r/o ectopic PG ```
108
male sterilization
•must use alt. contraception for 3 months •fertility after reversal is 50% *NOT STD protection
109
most likely spot to have atypical (cervical cancer) cells
* transformation zone | * changing from cervical cells to endocervical cells
110
abnormal cell characteristics
* no or multiple nucleus * macro/micro-nucleus * cell wall abnormality
111
Peau de' orange
* abnormal breast tissue texture | * indicative of inflammatory aggressive breast cancer
112
why is AMA or no PG higher risk for breast cancer
* no break for hormones | * connected to estrogen receptive breast cancer tumors
113
when can't take ANY type of COC...
* over 35 and smoke, HTN, migraine | * have had previous thrombolytic complication
114
when to start COC
•day after menstrual cycle starts
115
what to do if have COC side effects
* call MD | * DONT stop abruptly

OB (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions