Wood Lab

Question 1

what is responsible for secondary growth in plants?

Answer 1

2 secondary meristems

Question 2

which 2 secondary meristems control secondary growth?

Answer 2

1. vascular cambium

2. cork cambium

Question 3

what is another name for the cork cambium?

Answer 3

phellogen

Question 4

what is produced by the vascular cambium?

Answer 4

secondary xylem to the inside, secondary phloem to the outside

Question 5

as a tree ages, what happens to the primary xylem and phloem?

Answer 5

xylem ceases to function and phloem is stretched and destroyed

Question 6

the bulk of a tree is composed of what?

Answer 6

non-functional xylem

Question 7

what replaces the epidermis in woody plants?

Answer 7

periderm

Question 8

what is the function of the periderm?

Answer 8

outer protective layer

Question 9

from whence is the periderm derived?

Answer 9

cork cambium

Question 10

what does the periderm consist of?

Answer 10

phelloderm cork cambium cork (phellem)

Question 11

what does bark consist of?

Answer 11

periderm and secondary phloem

Question 12

what plant groups can have secondary growth?

Answer 12

gymnosperms and woody dicot angiosperms

Question 13

what plant groups are hardwoods?

Answer 13

angiosperms

Question 14

what plant groups are softwoods?

Answer 14

gymnosperms

Question 15

at a cellular level, what is contained in hardwoods?

Answer 15

1. parenchyma
2. sclerenchyma
3. tracheids
4. vessels

Question 16

at a cellular level, what is contained in softwoods?

Answer 16

1. parenchyma
2. sclerenchyma
3. tracheids

Question 17

what are the three cuts of wood?

Answer 17

transverse (c.s.), radial, tangental (both longitudinal)

Question 18

what does a transverse section of wood look like?

Answer 18

looking at top of straws

Question 19

what does a radial section of wood look like?

Answer 19

woven fabric

Question 20

what does a tangental section of wood look like?

Answer 20

wavy with clusters of resin ducts

Question 21

what are lenticels? Their function?

Answer 21

parts of periderm containing numerous intercellular air spaces. Function: gas exchage

Question 22

why cant monocots produce secondary growth?

Answer 22

their vascular systems are closed

Question 23

what can cause “woodiness” in monocots?

Answer 23

sclerids

Question 24

trees with distinct annual rings are

Answer 24

ring porous

Question 25

trees without distinct annual rings are

Answer 25

diffuse porous

Question 26

how can a gymnosperm be identified from an agiopserm on a slide?

Answer 26

1. absence of vessels | 2. presence of resin canals

Question 27

what are wood macerations/

Answer 27

woods ground up and/or digested to separate cell types

Question 28

what are the 5 types of pattern variations in tracheids?

Answer 28

1. annular 2. spiral 3. reticulate 4. scalariform 5. pitted

Question 29

in roots, where are the vascular cambium and cork cambium derived from?

Answer 29

pericycle

Question 30

what are young branches called?

Answer 30

twigs

Question 31

what are the three regions of a twig?

Answer 31

1. apex/terminus 2. nodes 3. internodes

Question 32

what is the apex of a twig?

Answer 32

the growing tip

Question 33

what are the two types of buds possible in twigs, and where is each located?

Answer 33

1. lateral (axillary) | 2. terminal (apex)

Question 34

size and shape of leaf scar depends on

Answer 34

size and shape of petiole

Question 35

what protects leaves in the winter?

Answer 35

scales

Question 36

if a bud has no scales, it is said to be

Answer 36

naked