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Brain and Behavior Part 2 > Word Associations > Flashcards

Word Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Paranoia

A

cocaine/amphetamine intoxication

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2
Q

Depression

A

cocaine/amphetamine withdrawal

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3
Q

Arrythmias

A

cocaine intoxication

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4
Q

Violence

A

PCP

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5
Q

Vertical nystagmus

A

PCP

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6
Q

Pinpoint pupils

A

opiate overdose –> naloxone to treat

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7
Q

Flu-like muscle aches

A

opiate withdrawal –> clonidine to treat/ease withdrawal

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8
Q

Flashbacks

A

LSD

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9
Q

Seizures

A

benzoid withdrawal –> tx with phenobarbitol

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10
Q

Death

A

barbituate withdrawal

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11
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A

tau

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12
Q

senile plaques

A

beta amyloid

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13
Q

mature plaques

A

have a core

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14
Q

neuritic plaques

A

have fibers inside them

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15
Q

lewy bodies

A

alpha synuclein

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16
Q

alpha synuclein in eocortical areas and basal ganglia

A

lewy body dementia

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17
Q

central pink core with halo and border of neuromelanin

A

lewy body

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18
Q

alpha synuclein in oligodendrocytes

A

multiple system atrophy (not parkinson)

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19
Q

globose tangle and neuropil threads with tau stain

A

supranuclear palsy

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20
Q

extension of tumor into corpus callosum (butterfly)

A

glioblastoma

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21
Q

parenchymal infiltration and irregular hyperchromatic nuclei and satellitosis

A

astrocytic glioma

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22
Q

large nuclei with prominent nucleoli

A

neuron

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23
Q

dark nucleus with no cytoplasm

A

oligodendrocyte

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24
Q

oval, light staining nuclei, scant cytoplasm

A

astrocytes

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25
Q

pink central area of debris with surrounding nuclei piling up

A

pseudopalisading necrosis

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26
Q

tripolar mitosis (mercedes sign)

A

atypia in highly proliferative glioma

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27
Q

tumor cells surrounding a vessel

A

secondary structure in high or low grade glioblastomas

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28
Q

gfap expression

A

glioblastoma

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29
Q

Ki-67 stain

A

fast growth –> glioblastoma

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30
Q

EGFR amplification

A

primary glioblastoma/chr10; older people 30-40% of glioblastomas

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31
Q

IDH1/p53

A

secondary glioblastoma, younger people, progression of milder astrocytomas

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32
Q

1p/19q

A

better prognosis anaplastic oligodendroglioma –> more responsive to therapy

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33
Q

MGMT promoter methylation

A

reduced resistance to treatment for malignant gliomas

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34
Q

fried egg appearance + chicken wire capillaries

A

oligodendroglioma

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35
Q

silver stain + frothy intraalveolar exudate

A

pneumocystis

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36
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus

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37
Q

monocytes

A

viral, fungal, mycobacterial

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38
Q

reduced csf glucose

A

bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, tumor

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39
Q

cysts in brain parenchyma –> cribiform vacuolization

A

cryptococcus

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40
Q

temporal necrosis

A

hsv1 encephalitis

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41
Q

opacification of basal meninges

A

tuberculosis

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42
Q

painful eye movements

A

optic neuritis

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43
Q

frequency and urge incontinence of bladder

A

MS UMN bladder dysfunction

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44
Q

temperature related weakness/numbness

A

Uhthoff’s in MS

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45
Q

electrical/pain sensation on bending neck

A

Lhermitte’s in MS

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46
Q

FLAIR lesions by ventricles

A

Dawson’s Fingers in MS

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47
Q

gadolinium MRI lesions

A

acute

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48
Q

perivascular lymphocytosis

A

breakdown of BBB

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49
Q

black holes

A

chronic lesions

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50
Q

CD45RO

A

T cell

51
Q

CD68

A

macrophages

52
Q

bilateral vestibular schwannoma

A

NF2

53
Q

oligodendrocyte virus

A

JC

54
Q

peripheral nerve virus

A

rabies

55
Q

judgement, abstract reasoning, restraint, strategy

A

frontal lobes

56
Q

dysphasia, automatism

A

temporal lobes

57
Q

sensory agnosias and apraxias

A

parietal lobes

58
Q

alzheimer allele

A

APOE4

59
Q

ubiquitin and tdp43

A

als or ftd depending on where lesions are

60
Q

circadian master clock

A

scn

61
Q

sleep switch

A

vlpo

62
Q

enterochromaffin cells

A

serotonin in gut = 80%

63
Q

tph1

A

periphery regulator of serotonin production

64
Q

tph2

A

central regulator of serotonin production

65
Q

tryptophan hydroxylase

A

rl step tryptophan –> 5htp

66
Q

laaad

A

converts 5htp –> 5ht and dopa –> dopamine

67
Q

tyrosine hydroxylase

A

rl step tyrosine –> dopa

68
Q

dopamine beta hydroxylase

A

dopamine –> NE

69
Q

PNMT

A

NE –> E

70
Q

5ht1r

A

cns; gi

71
Q

5ht2r

A

cns; gq

72
Q

5ht3r

A

peripheral;ion

73
Q

5ht4r

A

enteric; gs

74
Q

5ht5-7r

A

cns, gs

75
Q

presynaptic serotonin receptors

A

5ht1a/b/d

76
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

abdominal pain, diarrhea, sweating, fever, tachycardia, htn, ams from ssri or maoi

77
Q

DRD4/DAT

A

dopamine receptor and transporter linked with ADHD

78
Q

executive function network

A

frontostriatal

79
Q

motivation and suppressing network

A

frontal limbic

80
Q

timing and coordination circuit

A

motor cortex-striatal-cerebellar

81
Q

autism age requirement

A

<3

82
Q

ADHD age requirement

A

<7 in 2 settings

83
Q

depression time requirement

A

2 weeks + 4 SAGECAPS

84
Q

mania time requirement

A

7 days for first episode

85
Q

BDI requirement

A

1 manic + 1 depressive episode

86
Q

BDII requirement

A

1 hypomanic + 1 depressive episode

87
Q

bipolar m/f

A

equal

88
Q

MDD m/f

A

more f

89
Q

ADHD m/f

A

2:1 M:F

90
Q

small hippocampus

A

depression

91
Q

large head

A

autism

92
Q

autism risk gene

A

area between cadherin 9 and 10 for cell adhesion (formation of synapses)

93
Q

facial expression

A

superior temporal sulcus

94
Q

face/person recognition

A

fusiform gyrus

95
Q

arousal, attention, reward

A

amygdala

96
Q

theory of mind

A

superior frontal gyrus

97
Q

mirror neurons

A

inferior frontal gyrus

98
Q

CRF release

A

hypothalamus

99
Q

ACTH release

A

pituitary

100
Q

glucocorticoid release

A

adrenal gland

101
Q

suicide attempts m/f

A

2-3x more female attempts

102
Q

suicide m/f

A

4:1 m:f

103
Q

suicide risk factors

A

suicide attempts, hopelessness, aggression, psych diagnosis

104
Q

tx of suicide

A

cognitive therapy: dialectical

105
Q

schizophrenia time requirement

A

> 6 months

106
Q

antipsychotic target

A

D2 receptor (atypicals also target serotonin and increasingly, glutamate)

107
Q

schizophrenia m/f

A

equal but men have earlier onset which is worse

108
Q

cause of schizophrenia positive symptoms

A

excess mesolimbic dopamine (VTA vs. temporal cortex and hippocampus)

109
Q

cause of schizophrenia negative symptoms

A

shortage of dopamine in mesocortical circuits (VTA vs. prefrontal cortex and nuc accumbens)

110
Q

stimulates appetite and inhibits flight or fight response

A

neuropeptide y

111
Q

milk letdown and affiliative/bonding behaviors

A

oxytocin

112
Q

social anxiety disorder time requirement

A

6 months

113
Q

panic disorder time requirement

A

10-40 minutes followed by 1 month of worry about the panic attack

114
Q

panic disorder m/f

A

2x in women

115
Q

generalized anxiety disorder time requirement

A

most days in 6 month period

116
Q

dopamine pathway that runs from midbraine to caudate

A

nigrostriatal

117
Q

dopamine pathway that runs from hypothalamus to pituitary

A

tuberoinfundibular

118
Q

PTSD time requirement

A

1 month

119
Q

PTSD m/f

A

more women

120
Q

Tx of OCD

A

CBT, serotonergic drugs

121
Q

rule of thirds

A

1/3 of pts in schizophrenia get better, have a good response with ongoing tx, have no improvement

122
Q

BN time requirement

A

2 binge episodes/week for 3 months

123
Q

tx of BN

A

cbt + antidepressant

Brain and Behavior Part 2 (6 decks)

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