Word Definitions Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
roots
A
the basis of many words in the English language, typically derived from Latin or Greek
2
Q
dialect
A
language that is particular to a geographical location or consolidated social group
3
Q
secondary sources
A
sources that inform about events, experiences, places, or time periods using primary sources but that were not directly involved in the event in any way
4
Q
credibility
A
proof of the reliability of a source
5
Q
phoneme segmentation
A
separating phonemes in words
6
Q
simile
A
a type of figurative language that directly points to similarities between two things
7
Q
metacognition
A
readers thinking about what they are thinking as they read so that they can recognize immediately any confusion or uncertainty
8
Q
active listening
A
listening that is focused and empathetic
9
Q
dystopian fiction
A
explores social, cultural and political structures in the context of a unpleasant futuristic world
10
Q
modifiers
A
words or phrases that change the meanings of or add details to other words or phrases in a sentence
11
Q
compound-complex sentence
A
a sentence that has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
12
Q
preproduction stage of language acquisition
A
the silent period; learners refrain from speaking but will listen, may copy words down and can respond to visual cues
13
Q
plagiarism
A
intentionally copying and taking credit for another person’s work
14
Q
complex sentence
A
a sentence made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
15
Q
phoneme blending
A
combining phonemes to make a word
16
Q
Renaissance Period
A
1485 – 1660
Included the Elizabethan Age of great English drama and public theatres; writers were interested in love and in the nature of human beings.
the poetry of Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser; the works of William Shakespeare
17
Q
adverb
A
a word that modifies an adjective, adverb, verb, phrase or clause
18
Q
rhyme scheme
A
rhyme pattern in a poem; may be represented as letters (e.g. abab, aabb,aabba)
19
Q
ethos
A
ethical appeals
20
Q
schemas
A
cognitive connections that are molded in an individual’s mind over time
21
Q
haiku
A
a short poem format, created in Japan, that consists of three lines and seventeen syllables divided into five, seven, and five between the lines
22
Q
citations
A
used in a research paper to show the resources and reference materials where information originated
23
Q
first-person point of view
A
one character tells the story from his or her direct experience using pronouns such as I, my, mine and we
24
Q
ballad
A
a short narrative song about an event that is considered important
25
reading rate
the speed and fluidity with which a reader can read
26
noun
a person, place, thing or idea
27
silent period
the preproduction stage of language acquisition
28
inferences
conclusions about what an author suggests in a text based on context clues
29
analytic rubrics
break the assignment down so that points are assigned by component part
30
logical fallacy
an error or breakdown in logical reasoning
31
prosody
the range of vocal expressions a reader uses when reading aloud, including rhythm, inotation, and stress patterns
32
introduction
sets the tone topic, direction, style and mood for the writing
33
fables
short stories intended to teach moral lessons
34
text leveling
complexity of text as determined by quantitative measures, qualitative measures and reader and task considerations
35
formative assessments
assignments given leading up to the summative assessments, which the teacher uses to evaluate student progress and adjust instruction
36
reader and task considerations
matching texts to particular students, classes, and/or tasks based on their inherent needs as determined by the professional judgment of educators
37
unreliable sources
untrustworthy materials from a person or institution that does not have the educational background, expertise, or evidence of legitimate sources to support a claim
38
allusion
a reference to a historical person or event, a fictional character, a mythological or religious character or event or an artist or artistic work
39
phonics
the study of the relationship between the spoken sounds in words and the printed letters that correspond to those sounds
40
register
particular styles of language determined by purpose, audience and social context
41
soliloquy
a monologue delivered as if nobody is listening
42
meter
the basic rhythmic structure of the lines or verses in poetry
43
denotation
the literal meaning of a word
44
primary sources
original materials representative of an event experience, place, or time period
45
qualitative measures
contributors to text leveling that include analysis of text elements such as structure, language clarity and knowledge demands
46
process writing
instructing students in the use of a clear process for writing and in the use of techniques and strategies for completing each part of the process
47
holistic rubrics
provide a grade based on the overall effectiveness of the product
48
context
the historical and cultural time in which a text was written
49
pathos
emotional appeals
50
What is the difference between a proper noun and a common noun?
A proper noun is capitalized; it names a certain person, place, or thing. A common noun is usually not capitalized; it names more than one person, place, or thing.
51
Are the words am, is, and are verbs? Explain why or why not.
Yes, they are 'verbs of being,' forms of the verb to be. Not all verbs express action.
52
What is a proper adjective?
It is a capitalized adjective that refers to a certain person, place, or thing, and modifies a noun.
53
Name three of the seven coordinating conjunctions.
and, or, but
54
Which two words in the following sentence are prepositions? My cat usually sleeps on the bed with me.
on and with
55
In the phrase 'lying peacefully on the comfortable couch,' which word is a preposition?
on
56
In the sentence I threw the ball to Pablo, which pronoun could you substitute for Pablo’s name?
him
57
Which word or words in this sentence form a direct object? I quickly read the third chapter.
chapter or the third chapter
58
Which words in the following sentence form an adverb phrase? While I was running around Green Lake, I saw Gary Grenell, a local photographer.
around Green Lake
59
Which words in the following sentence form the main clause (also known as an independent clause)? Although I like uncooked raisins, I do not like them in cookies, cinnamon rolls, or hot cereal.
I do not like them in cookies, cinnamon rolls, or hot cereal.
60
What is the purpose of an interrogative sentence, and with what punctuation mark does this type of sentence end?
An interrogative sentence asks a question; it ends with a question mark.
61
In the following sentence, which verb has a direct object? Which one or two words comprise the direct object? Purring loudly, the mother cat grooms her kittens with her rough tongue.
The verb grooms has a direct object: kittens or her kittens.
62
In the following sentence, identify one adverb and one adjective. Sleeping on the floor can be amazingly comfortable.
Adverb: amazingly; adjective: comfortable
63
In the sentence I like baked potatoes, but I love French fries, is the word but a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction? Explain how you know.
But is a coordinating conjunction; it connects two short—but complete—sentences.
64
Identify two prepositional phrases in the following sentence. My family and I used to camp in the Wawona Campground at Yosemite National Park.
1) in the Wawona Campground; 2) at Yosemite National Park
65
Which one of these words is NOT an interjection? hey, wow, oh, painful, hooray, ouch.
The word painful is an adjective, not an interjection.
66
Is the word although a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction? Explain how you know.
Although is a subordinating conjunction; it connects a subordinate clause to the sentence’s main clause.
67
FIND THE ERROR: Not every nation has a President as its leader; some have prime ministers, some have kings or queens, and others have military dictators.
In this sentence, president is a common noun, so it should not be capitalized.
68
FIND THE ERROR: I love French Fries, Belgian waffles, and Italian pasta.
Even though the proper adjective French is capitalized, the common noun fries should be lowercased.
69
FIND THE ERROR: First we will fly to Copenhagen, a port city in Denmark and then we will board a ship and sail to several different Baltic nations.
This compound sentence needs a comma inserted after Denmark and before the conjunction and.
70
FIND THE ERROR: Whenever I scratch my dog’s belly, she grins over joy.
The preposition over is incorrectly used here; it should be replaced with with.
71
FIND THE ERROR: Alexander Hamilton, whose portrait is on the twenty-dollar bill, was one of our nation’s 'Founding Fathers'?
This is a statement, so it should end with a period, not a question mark.
72
FIND THE ERROR: 'Wow;' she exclaimed. 'This is one of the best days of my entire life!'
The semicolon following Wow is incorrect punctuation. This mark should be changed to a comma or an exclamation mark.
73
FIND THE ERROR: Lydia does not agree with this president’s policies, so she could care less if his approval rating drops even lower in the polls.
The correct expression is 'could not care less.'
74
FIND THE ERROR: The fact that movies and TV shows based on Jane Austen’s completed novels has attracted millions of viewers would have astonished the author, who died 200 years ago.
The singular verb has attracted does not agree with its plural subject, movies.
75
FIND THE ERROR: Sometimes I wonder whether I will ever travel to Africa, Asia, South America, or Antarctica—so far, I have never been to any of these continents; however, I live in the United States, I have traveled to Canada and Mexico, and I have been to many nations in Europe, including England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Holland.
While this sentence is not ungrammatical, it is a rambling sentence and should probably be rewritten.
76
FIND THE ERROR: Katrina, the youngest of my four cats, are due for a check-up at the vet.
The plural verb are does not agree with its singular subject, Katrina.
77
FIND THE ERROR: On the test people who don’t carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes.
As is, this sentence is unclear. The phrase 'on the test' should be moved to follow the noun mistakes.
78
FIND THE ERROR: I can get eight hours of sleep tonight, I don’t think I will be able to get up early enough to drive to the city in time for the meeting.
This sentence is incorrectly constructed (it is a comma splice). It needs the subordinating conjunction Unless.
79
FIND THE ERROR: My grandma says that 'when she was in high school, she and her classmates handwritten or typed their essays—desktop computers were not common until the late 1980s.'
This is not a direct quotation, so the quotation marks should be deleted.
80
FIND THE ERROR: I ate so much food on Thanksgiving that my stomach was literally bursting at the seams.
Since human stomachs do not have seams, deleting the word literally would clarify the meaning.
81
FIND THE ERROR: Only one among the school’s 450 students were invited to enter the city’s annual spelling bee.
The plural helping verb were does not agree with its singular subject, one.
82
FIND THE ERROR: I was full after eating a big breakfast, so I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.
The coordinating conjunction so does not make sense in this compound sentence.
83
What is a noun?
A word that names a person, place, or thing.
84
What is a common noun?
A kind of noun that names a class of people, places, or things, rather than a particular person, place, or thing; usually lower-cased.
85
What is a possessive pronoun?
A pronoun used to show possession.
86
What is a reflexive pronoun?
A pronoun ending in -self or -selves.
87
What is a past tense verb?
A verb that tells what happened in the past.
88
What is a future tense verb?
A verb that tells what will happen in the future.
89
What is a verb of being?
A verb that describes a state of being rather than an action.
90
What is an adverb?
A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.
91
What is a comparative adjective?
An adjective that compares two nouns or pronouns.
92
What is a phrase?
A small group of words that stand together as a unit.
93
What is an adverb phrase?
A phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
94
What is a declarative sentence?
A sentence that makes a declaration and usually ends with a period.
95
What is an interrogative sentence?
A sentence that asks a question and usually ends with a question mark.
96
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence made up of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
97
What is a clause?
A group of words that contains a subject and predicate and functions as part of a compound or complex sentence.
98
What is a colon?
A punctuation mark used following the salutation in a business letter or email.
99
What are quotation marks?
The punctuation marks used to indicate the beginning or end of a quotation.
