words

Question 1

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a subcellular genetic entity capable of gaining entrance into a limited range of living cells and capable of replication only within such cells; a virus contains either DNA or RNA but not both.

Answer 1

virus

Question 2

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widespread epidemic usually affecting the population of an extensive region, several countries, or sometimes the entire globe

Answer 2

pandemic

Question 3

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complete virus particle made up of the nucleoid ( the genetic material) and capsid ( the shell of protein that protects the nucleoid)

Answer 3

virion

Question 4

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presence of virus in body secretions, in excretions, or in body surface lesions with potential for transmission

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shedding (viral)

Question 5

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an arthropod, insect, or other living carrier in whose body the infecting organism multiplies before becoming infective to the receptient

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biologic vector

Question 6

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the identification of a disease by serum makers of that specific condition

Answer 6

serologic diagnosis

Question 7

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virus with RNA as its core genetic material. requires the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert tits RNA into proviral DNA

Answer 7

retrovirus

Question 8

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by way of or through a mucous membrane

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permucosal

Question 9

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a specific finding such as an antibody or antigen by laboratory blood analysis that identifies an existing disease state. may be referred to as titer

Answer 9

serum marker

Question 10

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by way of or through the skin

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percutaneous

Question 11

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inflammation of the parotid gland

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parotitis

Question 12

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capable of causing disease only when the host’s resistance is lowered

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opportunistic pathogen

Question 13

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yellowness of the skin, sclerae, mucous membranes, and exretions due to hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. also called icterus

Answer 13

jaundice

Question 14

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organism capable of producing an infection

Answer 14

infectious agent

Question 15

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early or premonitory symptom

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prodrome

Question 16

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an inanimate object or material on which disease producing agents may be conveyed

Answer 16

fomite

Question 17

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a substance that is capable under appropriate conditions of introducing a specific immune response that is whith the specific antibody

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antigen

Question 18

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symptomatic reactivation of a latent infection

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recurrent infection

Question 19

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persistent infection following a primary infection in which the causative agent remains inactive within certain cells

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latent infection

Question 20

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a state caused by the invasion, development or mulitplcation of an infectious agent into the body

Answer 20

infection

Question 21

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the time interval between the initial contact with an infectious agent and the appearance of the first clinical sign or symptom of the disease

Answer 21

incubation period

Question 22

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immunity either naturally attained by infection, whith or without clinical manifestations, or artifically acquired by innoculation of the agent in a killed, modified, or variant form. usually lasts for years.

Answer 22

active immunity

Question 23

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an individual who harbors pathogenic organisms without clinically recognizable symptoms, a carrier may infect those contacted

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asymptomatic carrier

Question 24

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short-duration immunity either naturally attained by transplacental transfer from the mother or artifically acquired by innoculation of specific protective antibodies

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passive immunity

Question 25

# study this way the time between exposure resulting in infection and the presence of detectable serum antibody, antibody test is negative but infectious agent is transmitable during the window period

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window period

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# study this way the resistance that a person has against disease. it may be natural or acquired

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immunity

Question 27

# study this way widespread occurence of cases of an illness in a community or region, greater than the expedcted number of cases for the particular population

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epidemic

Question 28

# study this way employs the techniques and agents to abort the onset of desease, to reverse the progress of the initial stages of disease, or to arrest the disease process before treatment becomes necessary

Answer 28

primary health care

Question 29

# study this way the science of the prevention and treatment of oral disease through the provision of educational, assessment, preventive, clinical, and other therapeutic services in a collaborative working relationship with a consulting dentist but without general supervision

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collaborative practice of dental hygiene

Question 30

# study this way the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographical area

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endemic

Question 31

# study this way dimunitive drop, such as the particles of moisture expelled while coughing , sneezing, or speaking that may carry infectious disease

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droplet

Question 32

# study this way a person who harbors a specific infectious agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection. the carrier state may be temporary , transient, or chronic

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carrier

Question 33

# study this way the time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person. may include or overlap the incubation period

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communicable period of a disease

Question 34

# study this way a soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by body cells in response to an antigen. it is capable of binding to that specific antigen

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antibody

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# study this way diminished reactivity to specific antigens. inability to react to skin-test antigen ( even if a person is infected with the organism tested) because of immunosuppression

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anergy

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# study this way suspension of particles in the air that consists partially or wholly of microogranisms, it may be capable of causing an infection

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microbial aerosol

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# study this way an artifically generated collection of particles suspended in air

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aerosol

Question 38

# study this way while the dentist is personally treating a patient, the dental hygienist is authorized to aid in the treatment by concurrently performing a supportive procedure

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personal supervision

Question 39

# study this way term applied to a legal relationship between dentist and dental team members in practice. Each practice act defines the type that is required

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supervision

Question 40

# study this way not through the alimentary canal administered by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous infection

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parenteral

Question 41

# study this way science of health and its preservation of a condition or practice such as cleanliness that is conducive the preservation of health

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hygiene

Question 42

# study this way dentist has diagnosed and authorized the condition to be treated, remains on the premises while the procedure is performed and approves the work performed before dismissal of the patient

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direct supervision

Question 43

# study this way interpretion of information whereby specific facts form general interferces.

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inductve reasoning

Question 44

# study this way after exposure to the etiologic agent of a disease the blood changes from negative ( seronegative) to positive ( seropositive) for the serum marker for that disease; the time interval for conversion is specific for each disease

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seroconversion

Question 45

# study this way procedures of preservation of health of the oral cavity. personal maintenance of cleanliness and other measures recommended by dental professionals

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oral hygiene

Question 46

# study this way the process of enabling people to increase control and imporve their health through self-care, mutual aid, and the creation of healthy environments

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health promition

Question 47

# study this way an action taken by a dental hygienist to maintain or restore a patient's optimal oral health

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intervention

Question 48

# study this way the science and practice of the prevention or oral diseases, the integrated preventive and treatment services administered for a patient by a dental hygienist

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dental hygiene care

Question 49

# study this way state of physical mental and social well being, not only the absence of disease

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heatlh

Question 50

# study this way the evaluation diagnosis prevention or treatment ( nonsurgical, surgical or related processes) of diseases disorders, and or conditions of the oral cavity and maxillofacial area and or areas adjacent and associated structures, their impact on the human body provided by a dentist within the scope of his or her condition, training, experience in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law

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dentistry

Question 51

# study this way dental health specialist whose primary concern is the maintenance of oral health and the prevention of oral disease

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dental hygienist

Question 52

# study this way continuing education unit

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CEU

Question 53

# study this way the services within the framework of the total treatment plan to be carried out by the dental hygienist, patient and caregiver

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dental hygienist care plan

Question 54

# study this way the skills understanding and professional values of an individual ready for beginning dental hygiene practice

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competency

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# study this way an organized systematic group of activities that provides the framework for delivering quality dental hygiene care

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dental hygiene process of care

Question 56

# study this way identification of an existing or potential oral health problem that a dental hygienist is qualified and licensed to treat

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dental hygiene diagnosis

Question 57

# study this way term used to describe the relationships between the patient, dentist, and dental hygienist when coordinating the efforts to attain and maintain the oral health of the patient

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cotherapist

Question 58

# study this way post licensure short term educational experiences for refresher, updating and renewal .units may be required for licensure

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continuing education

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# study this way a forecast of the probable course and outcome of treatment of a condition or diseas

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prognosis

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# study this way acceptance for licensure by a regulatory body ( state/province) on the evidence from a license obtained in another state where equivalent standards and requirements are required. also called reciprocity, a mutual or cooperative exchange

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license by credential

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# study this way a microogranism or other substance that causes disease

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pathogen

Question 62

# study this way process by which viruses multiply and reproduce

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replication

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# study this way a specific finding ( such as an antibody or antigen) by laboratory blood identifies an existing disease state " titer"

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serum

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# study this way an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, a laboratory test to detect antibody in the blood serum

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ELISA

Question 65

# study this way sexually transmitted disease

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STD

Question 66

# study this way the degree of pathogenicity or disease evoking power of an infectious disease

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virulence

Question 67

# study this way a carries that transfers an infections microorganism from one host to another

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vector

Question 68

# study this way the miscroscopic living organism of a region

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microbiota

Question 69

# study this way a state caused by the insvasion or development of multiplication of an infectious agent into the body

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infection

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# study this way host not possessing resistance against an infectious agent

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susceptible host

Question 71

# study this way an approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV , HBV, and other blood borne pathogens

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universal precautions

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# study this way a laboratory test for antibody that is more specific than EIA and used to validate sero-postive reactions to the EIA

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western blot

Question 73

# study this way a sense or moral obligation and moral principles that governs them for the common good of people . principles of morality

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ethics

Question 74

# study this way passage of an infectious agent from one generation to another by breast milk or across the placenta

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vertical transmission

Question 75

# study this way interpretation of information from generalization ( wider body)

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deductive reasoning

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# study this way dental health care worker

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DHCW

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vehicle

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a substance or object that servies as an intermediate means by which an infectious agent is transported and introducted into a susceptible host through a suitable port of entry

Question 78

the dentist has authorized the procedure for a patient of record but need not to be present when the authozied procedure is carried out by a licensed dental hygienist. the procedure is carried out in accordance with the dentist's diagnosis and treatment plan

Answer 78

general supervision

Question 79

first time infection, no preexisting antibodies

Answer 79

primary infection