Workbooks Section 1

Question 1

The classification of organisms based on the number of characters they share

Answer 1

Phenetics

Question 2

The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by

Answer 2

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 3

Shared ancestral characters

Answer 3

Can be used to determine when two groups diverged.

Question 4

What are used extensively by the molecular biologist to determine relationships?

Answer 4

Nucleotides and Proteins

Question 5

The systematist would be most interested in

Answer 5

Evolutionary relationships and ancestries

Question 6

Which organisms are placed in the domain Eukarya?

Answer 6

Plants, fungi, and protist

Question 7

In what ways are fungi different from plants?

Answer 7

Fungi are not photosynthetic.
Fungi have a different mode of reproduction.
Fungi have a different body structure.

Question 8

What is the study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships?

Answer 8

Systematics

Question 9

What includes the largest number of organisms?

Answer 9

Phylum

Question 10

A taxon is a formal grouping of organisms that cannot be separated into subgroups.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Characteristics of viruses include

Answer 11

They are acellular.
They do not carry on metabolic activities.
They are not classified in any of the the domains; yet they infect creatures in each of them.
They do not produce rRNA since they have no organelles like ribosome.
They can only produce when inside a cell.
Their genome can integrate into their host’s DNA.

Question 12

A virus is virulent when it

Answer 12

Has a lytic cycle (causes a cytopathic effect).

Causes disease.

Question 13

When a host bacterium exhibits new properties because of a prophage, the phenomenon is called

Answer 13

Lysogenic conversion

Question 14

The characteristics of life that viruses do NOT exhibit are

Answer 14

Independent movement, cellular structure, and independent metabolism.

Question 15

Classification of viruses into species and order and families is extremely artificial since

Answer 15

They cannot interbreed in nature are required for the definition of a species.
It makes more sense to classify them based on host range and disease caused.

Question 16

A small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from the main chromosome

Answer 16

Is referred to as a plasmid.
Sometimes carries antibiotic resistance or virulence factors.
Is found in archaea, Cyanobacteria, and eubacteria.

Question 17

Characteristics of prions include

Answer 17

They are rnisfolded PrP proteins.
They can arise spontaneously as the result of a mutation.
They are protein particles.
They can cause cells to malfunction.

Question 18

The coat surrounding the nucleic acid core of a virus is

Answer 18

A capsid
Made of protein
Composed of capsomeres

Question 19

The virus that causes AIDS and so,e types of cancer is a

Answer 19

Retrovirus and RNA virus

Question 20

Important difference between virulent and temperate viruses is that only the temperate virus

Answer 20

Does not always lyse host cells in the lysogenic cycle.

Question 21

Protist may be

Answer 21

Unicellular
Eukaryotic
Simple multicellular organisms
Colonial

Question 22

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have been derived from

Answer 22

Endosymbionts and aerobic bacteria

Question 23

Excavates

Answer 23

Are generally endosymbionts
Obtain energy through fermentation
Are flagellated

Question 24

The Paramecium

Answer 24

Is a ciliated
Is eukaryotic
Has a pellicle
Has multiple nuclei

Question 25

The parasite that causes malaria is in the phylum

Answer 25

Apicomplexa

Question 26

A protozoan whose cells bear a striking resemblance to specialized cells in sponges is the

Answer 26

Choanoflagellate

Question 27

Kingdom Protista possess both plant-like and animal-like characteristics which is a classic example of what genus?

Answer 27

Euglena

Question 28

Members of the genus Euglena

Answer 28

Are flagellated Have a pellicle Possess chlorophyll Are mixotrophs (Are heterotrophic and autotrophic)

Question 29

Protists can be found in the supergroups

Answer 29

``` Chromalveolates Unikonts Rhizarians Excavates Archaeplastids ```

Question 30

Red tide, typically caused by a species of Gonyaulax

Answer 30

Is caused by a toxin produced by dinoflagellates. Is responsible for large fish kills. Occurs in nutrients-rich, warm waters.

Question 31

The diploid stage in the life cycle of the causative agent of malaria, Plasmodium, occurs in

Answer 31

Mosquitoes

Question 32

Because of their similarity to other organisms, water molds were once classified as

Answer 32

Fungi

Question 33

Cellular slime molds

Answer 33

Are unikonts Reproduce using spores Are classified as amoebozoa Form a slug when conditions are not optimal

Question 34

A symbiotic relationship in which both "partners" benefits is known as

Answer 34

Mutualism

Question 35

A symbolic relationship in which one "partner" benefits and the other is unaffected is known as

Answer 35

Commensalism

Question 36

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between

Answer 36

Fungi and plant roots

Question 37

Fungal hyphae that contain two genetically distinct nuclei within each cell are known as

Answer 37

Dikaryotic | n+n

Question 38

Fungi

Answer 38

Are heterotrophs Are eukaryotes Possess cell walls Digest food outside their bodies

Question 39

A lichen can be composed of

Answer 39

``` Alga and fungus Photoautotroph and fungus Cyanobacteria and ascomycete Alga and basidiomycete Alga and ascomycete ```

Question 40

Fungi can reproduce

Answer 40

``` Sexually Asexually By spore formation By simple division By budding ```

Question 41

The black fungus growing on a piece of bread

Answer 41

Is heterothallic Has coenocytic hyphae Is in the phylum Zygomycota

Question 42

The genus Penicillium

Answer 42

Produces the flavor in Roquefort cheese Produces the antibiotic penicillin Produces the flavor in Brie cheese

Question 43

Lichen can be used as indicators of air pollution because they

Answer 43

Cannot excrete absorbed elements | Do not grow well in polluted areas

Question 44

A mass of filamentous hyphae is called a

Answer 44

Mycelium

Question 45

Yeast participates in the brewing of beer by

Answer 45

Producing nutrients such as B vitamins Fermenting grain sugars Producing ethyl alcohol

Question 46

If you eat just any mushroom that you find in the wild, there's a chance that you will likely

Answer 46

``` Die Become intoxicated Hallucinate Become nauseated Ingest the drug psilocybin by the mushroom ```

Question 47

A fungus infection throughout the body obtained by exposure to bird droppings is likely

Answer 47

Histoplasmosis

Question 48

Chrytrids (aka chytridiomycetes)

Answer 48

Are fungi Inhabit damp or wet environments Have flagellated spores

Question 49

Fungi can be found growing

Answer 49

``` In moist habitats. In tree and plant roots. In soil associated with Dichanthelium lanuginosum (hot springs panic grass) of geothermal hot springs. Where organic material is available. In the wood of buildings. ```

Question 50

The cell walls of fungi contain

Answer 50

Carbohydrates and chitin

Question 51

Coenocytic fungi

Answer 51

Are elongated Are multinucleated Lack septa

Question 52

The clade opisthokonts include

Answer 52

Fungi Animals Choanoflagellates

Question 53

Terms associated with sexual reproduction in fungi include

Answer 53

Zygote nucleus Plasmogamy Karyogamy

Question 54

Features some fungi share with some plants include

Answer 54

A cell wall Growth to relatively large sizes Both sexual and asexual reproduction possible Alternation of generations

Question 55

Microsporidia

Answer 55

``` Infect eukaryotic cells We're once assigned to Protozoa Produce a polar tube Are opportunistic pathogens Have two developmental stages ```

Question 56

Species of yeast that are self-fertile are referred to as being

Answer 56

Homothallic

Question 57

Terms associated with basidiomycetes include

Answer 57

``` Primary mycelium Cytoplasmic streaming Karyogamy Gills "Fairy rings" ```

Question 58

Spores grow

Answer 58

Into gametophyte plants Into a haploid plant To form a plant body by mitosis

Question 59

Plants all have

Answer 59

Chlorophyll a&b Xanthophyll Carotene Yellow pigments

Question 60

A strobilus is

Answer 60

On a diploid plant On a vascular plant Found on horsetails

Question 61

The gametophyte generation of a plant

Answer 61

Is haploid | Produce haploid gametes by mitosis

Question 62

When a gamete produces by an archegonium fuses with a gamete produced by a male gametophyte plant, the result is

Answer 62

A diploid zygote The first stage in the sporophyte generation Called fertilization

Question 63

Plant sperm cells form in

Answer 63

Haploid gametophyte plants | Product of buds from a protonema

Question 64

The sporophyte generation of a plant

Answer 64

Is diploid | Produces haploid spores by meiosis

Question 65

Liverworts

Answer 65

Are bryophytes | Can produce archegonia and antheridia on a haploid gametophyte

Question 66

The spore cases on a fern are

Answer 66

Usually on the fronds Called sporangia Often arranged in a sorus

Question 67

The leaves of vascular plants that evolved from stem branches

Answer 67

Are megaphylls | Contain more than one vascular strand

Question 68

Land plants are thought to have evolved from

Answer 68

Green algae | Charophytes

Question 69

All plants

Answer 69

``` Have a cuticle covering the aerial portion of the plants. Develop form multicellular embryos. Are a monophyletic group. Store starch. Evolved from a green algae. ```

Question 70

The water conducting portion of the plant vasculature is the

Answer 70

Xylem

Question 71

Red algae, green algae, and land plants are collectively classified as

Answer 71

Archaeplastids

Question 72

Whisk ferns

Answer 72

Are found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Should be classified as reduced ferns. Are in phylum Pteridophyte. Have vascularized stems.