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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Worksheet Questions > Flashcards

Worksheet Questions Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What two things make up the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the two subsystems of the PNS?

A

Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems

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3
Q

What are the two subsystems of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

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4
Q

which nervous system:

uses beta 1 and 2 receptors

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

which nervous system:

decreases heart rate

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

which nervous system:

decreases GI motility

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

which nervous system:

Uses nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

A

Parasympathetic

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8
Q

which nervous system:

Also called the adrenergic system.

A

Sympathetic

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9
Q

which nervous system:

Uses primarily acetylcholine for a neurotransmitter

A

Parasympathetic

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10
Q

which nervous system:

increases heart rate and respirations

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

which nervous system:

Associated with the fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

which nervous system:

Also called the cholinergic system

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

which nervous system:

Uses catecholamines for neurotransmitters

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

which nervous system:

Uses alpha 1 & 2 receptors

A

Sympathetic

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15
Q

which nervous system:

increases GI motility

A

Parasympathetic

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16
Q

List the four basic mechanisms by which drugs affect the ANS.

A
  • Mimic neurotransmitters
  • Block the release of neurotransmitters
  • Block the attachment of neurotransmitters to receptors
  • Interfere with the breakdown or reuptake of neurotransmitters to the synapse
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17
Q

List the four basic categories of ANS drugs we discussed.

A

Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic)
Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic)
Anticholinergic
Adrenergic Blockers

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18
Q

What kind of drug is bethanechol? What is it used for?

A

Parasympathomimetic/Cholinergic drug used for treating urinary retention by causing the bladder to contract and allowing urine to be passed.

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19
Q

What kind of drug is phenylpropanolamine? What is it used for?

A

Sympathomimetic/Adrenergic drug used for treating urinary incontinence by making the urethral sphincter tone increased so urine can’t be leaked.

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20
Q

What is the first line drug used to treat status epilepticus in dogs?

A

Diazepam (benzodiazepine tranquilizer)

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21
Q

What routes can Diazepam being given

A

oral tablet
oral solution
rectal gel
IV

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22
Q

What is the trade name of Diazepam

A

Valium

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23
Q

What effect does Diazepam have especially on cats

A

Great appetite stimulant for cats! Only takes a tiny dose via IV and then have the food ready to go.

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24
Q

What category of drug is xylazine?

A

alpha 2 agonist

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25
what is xylazine used for
Sedative and Analgesic but is also great as an emetic (will induce vomiting), can be used in combo with opioid to cut the dosage needed and side effects
26
what is unique about using xylazine in cattle compared to horses
Extremely potent in cattle – only takes 1/10 of the equine dose
27
what drug reverses xylazine
yohimbine
28
In the phenothiazine family, _______ is primarily used as a tranquilizer whereas ________is used as an anti-emetic.
acepromazine chlorpromazine
29
What does it mean when we say a drug is an expectorant?
a drug that can help the expulsion of respiratory secretions
30
which drug is used as an expectorant and an induction agent in horses
Guaifenesin
31
how is guaifenesin given to horses if used for induction
injection
32
What is the name for the active ingredient in Dexdomitor?
Dexmedetomidine
33
What drug reverses dexdomitor (trade and generic)
Antisedan, atipamezole
34
If a dog is given 0.4cc of Dexdomitor IV, how much (in ml) is his dose of reversal agent?
0.4 ml reversal (0.4 cc = 0.4 ml)
35
5 examples of subtle signs in a patient
Restlessness or unsettled Abnormal aggression Whining or crying Not wanting to do normal activities like going outside to go potty Panting
36
Enzyme that promotes the formation of Prostaglandin, associated with tissue trauma and inflammation.
Cyclooxygenase - 2
37
A mediator (generator) in inflammation, converted by COX-2 enzymes
Prostaglandin
38
Beginning pain management before the pain actually happens.
preemptive pain management
39
When the injured area becomes more sensitive and the threshold is lowered for stimulus to that area.
wind up pain
40
name brand: carprofen
Rimadyl
41
name brand: firocoxib
Previcox
42
name brand: acetylsalicyclic acid
Aspirin
43
name brand: meloxicam
Metacam
44
name brand: etodolac
EtoGesic
45
name brand: robenacoxib
Onsior
46
name brand: acetaminophen
Tylenol
47
name brand: flunixin meglumate
Banamine
48
name brand: tepoxalin
Zubrin
49
name brand: deracoxib
Deramaxx
50
Phenylbutazone comes in many oral preparations as well as a parenteral form labeled for IV use only. What happens if you give it perivascularly (or IM or SQ)?
It will cause severe tissue necrosis and/or sloughing.
51
Name 4 potential side effects of NSAIDS? (General categories)
GI ulceration and bleeding Prevents cartilage metabolism Suppresses bone marrow Inhibits platelet aggregation
52
What is the name of the disease that results when a patient receives too many exogenous steroids? How is it treated?
Hyperadrenocorticism > Cushing’s disease Slowly taper the patient off of the steroid and the Cushing’s should resolve.
53
relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment
iatrogenic
54
List 2 main side effects of prednisone usage you should warn clients to expect every time it is prescribed.
Increased thirst (polydipsia) and therefore increased amounts (polyuria)/frequency of urination Increased hunger (polyphagia) – but do not provide extra food to avoid weight gain
55
Besides analgesia, Butorphanol and hydrocodone are also used for which additional purpose?
antitussive
56
What are the three drugs in the CRI preparation known as MLK?
Morphine Lidocaine Ketamine
57
two drugs that can be used at the site of transduction
Rimadyl Metacam
58
two drugs that can be used at the site of transmission
lidocaine xylazine
59
two drugs that can be used at the site of modulation
morphine ketamine
60
two drugs that can be used at the site of perception
butorphanol sedivet

Pharmacology Unit 3 (23 decks)

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