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World War 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

World war 1

A

War to end war (32 nations)

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2
Q

Causes of the war

A

Millitarism
Alliance system
Imperialism
Nationalism
(Acronym - MAIN)

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3
Q

Militarism

A

(Glorification of war) created an arms race

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4
Q

Alliance system

A

(Military allies) Created a world conflict out of a minor incident

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5
Q

Imperialism

A

(Colonial conquest) created rivalry’s between empires for power

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

(Deep devotion to ones country) Created desire for self rule

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7
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

created alliance system

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8
Q

Major alliances

A

Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy
Tripe Entente - Great Britain, France, Russia

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9
Q

Pre WW1

A

Europe made up of 6 empires ruled by kings/queens (Big family feud)

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10
Q

Balkan Peninsula

A

Powder Keg of Europe

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11
Q

Balkans

A

Mostly Slavic’s that wanted independence
They were controlled by the Ottoman Turks

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12
Q

Austria Hungary

A

Drove out Ottoman Turks and promised freedom but did not deliver

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13
Q

Pan Slavism

A

Goal was to create a slavic state called Yugoslavia
Led out by Serbia

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14
Q

Balkan wars

A

Caused the war

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15
Q

Incident that caused the War

A

Archduke of Austria Hungary Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were sent to visit Surajero for a “goodmill tour” to open a new hospital by Franz Joseph (King) But were assassinated by Gavrilo Princep also known as the Black hand

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16
Q

Austria Hungary gives Serbia ultimatum

A

They refuse due to having a powerful ally - Russia
Alliance system kicks in and minor incident becomes the Great War

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17
Q

Mobilization

A

Countries begin preparing for war

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18
Q

Propaganda

A

Information used to influence public opinion :
1. Recruitment of men
2. Promote patriotism
3. Make enemy look evil

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19
Q

Belligerents

A

Central Powers - Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Turks
Allied Powers - Britain, France, Russia, later USA

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20
Q

Schlieffan Plan

A

Attack Paris through neutral Belgium

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21
Q

Battle of Marne

A

First battle off the war
German attempt to capture Paris but failed

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22
Q

Two major fronts

A

Western front - from North Sea to Switzerland, Between borders of France and Germany
Eastern front - from between borders of Russia and Germany/Austria Hungary

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23
Q

Trench Warfare

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A

Hundreds of miles of trenches between armies

24
Q

No mans Land

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A

(No mans Land) area between trenches

25
Bloody stalemate 1915
neither side could win Millions of young men slaughtered
26
Battle of Somme
over 1.2 M dead and gained about 7 miles of turf
27
Battle of Verdun
Largest and longest battle, 1.25 million casualties
28
War of Attrition
Goal was to wear the other side out
29
Why so many casualties
1. Machine guns - Most deadly 2. Artillery - exploding shells up to 10 miles 3. Poison gas - mustard gas 4. Tanks - cross trenches/Break down barbwire 5. Flame throwers - against trenches 6. Zeppelins - Blimps 7.Airplanes - Knights of the sky/Dog fights 8.Submarines - U boats/Unterwasserboots
30
Flying ace
5 or more kills
31
Manfred von Richthofen
Greatest of the Aces Red Baron 80 kills
32
Eddie Rickenbacker
Top American Ace 26 kills
33
Suicide club
killed themselves with pistols if their plane was shot
34
Poster boys
Heroes of the war 75% death rate
35
Soldier nicknames
Germans - Huns British - Tommies French - Frogs Americans - Dough boys
36
Why was Russia on the verge of collapse on the eastern front?
They were running out of supplies and equipment 76% casualty rate Czar Nicholas II Asks for help from the allies
37
Gullopoli Campaign
British attempt to rescue Russia purpose was to keep Germany split between the two fronts Failed
38
Russian revolution (Bolshevik) causes
1. Corrupt/inefficient government 2. Poor living conditions 3. War had destroyed the economy 4. Slaughter of the army
39
Vladimir Lenin
Led the Bolshevik revolution Promised to take Russia out of the war Promised Land
40
Czar Nicholas II
Abdicates the throne and later killed in July
41
Why was the Bolshevik revolution a problem?
It let Germany focus all its forces on the western front
42
Russian revolution
Red - Communists (Bolsheviks) Vs White - Democratic (Mensheviks and democratic countries of USA, Great Britain, and France Reds won
43
Soviet Union
changes name to USSR
44
USSR Brutal dictator
Joseph Stalin - Most brutal, killed over 20 million of his own people USSR fell in 1991
45
Isolationism
USA’s policy to not join the war and stay neutral
46
Events that brought USA into the war
1. Sinking of the Lusitania (128 Americans died 2. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (German U-Boats sinking Neutral ships) 3. Zimmerman Telegram (Arthur Zimmerman promised Mexico to get land back from Americans if they join them in the war) Woodrow Wilson said it was safe for democracy
47
American impacts on the War
1. Boosted Morale 2. Fresh manpower 3. Supplies and equipment Turned tides of war
48
John Pershing
In charge of expeditionary force
49
Operation Michal
German massive offensive to defeat allied forces before America could make a difference (Almost worked)
50
Americas Joins
Turn the tide of the war
51
Veterans Day
Armistice is signed and King George V accepts surrender
52
Spanish influenza
Flu Outbreak Greatest Medical Holocaust in history 50 to 100 million dead
53
What did Wilson want after the war?
Peace without victory so wounds would heal faster Victorious Powers did not like that and only accepted this 14th point
54
Treaty of Versailles
1. Germany had to take all the blame for the War 2. Had to pay all the repairs 3. Lost all their Colonies and some territories 4. Forced to greatly reduce size of its military
55
Results of WW I
1. 20-40 million deaths 2. Russia becomes Communist 3. 4 Major Empires collapse (Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman, and Russia) and 9 countries formed 4. USA becomes world power 5. WW I caused bitterness In the German people Led to WW II

History final (3 decks)

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