World War I & The Russian Revolution

Question 0

Causes of World War I

Answer 0

Imperialism
Nationalism 
Militarism 
Alliance System 
Balance of Power

Question 1

Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78

Answer 1

Russia aids Bulgaria and Serbia against Ottoman Empire

• Germany stays neutral
• Treaty of Stefano (1878): independence to Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria (Russian-influenced)

Question 2

the Balkans

Answer 2

“Powder keg of Europe”

-had endured years of ethnic and political conflict

Question 3

Ottoman Empire

Answer 3

“Sick man of Europe”

• Russia wants warm-water port
• Bosporus and Dardanelles

Question 4

Triple Alliance

Answer 4

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Question 5

The Triple Entente

Answer 5

France, England, Russia

Question 6

The First Moroccan Crisis (1906)

Answer 6

Moroccans started fighting for independence, Wilhelm (Deutschland) helps
-Algeciras Conference

Question 7

The Bosnian Crisis (1908)

Answer 7

• Bosnian people are Slavic

- Austria-Hungary added Bosnia

Question 8

The Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)

Answer 8

The Panther goes to Agadir (German gunboat shows up)

England says there will be “no fighting between European countries without our permission”

Question 9

The Balkan Wars (1912 and 1913)

Answer 9

War breaks out against Ottoman Empire

Question 10

Balkan League

Answer 10

Greece
Serbia
Bulgaria
Montenegro
-does well, kicks Ottomans out of Balkan Peninsula
-started fighting each other over new territory

Question 11

Militarism

Answer 11

Germany increased in defense spending

Germany produced tons more steel

Question 12

The Assassination of the Archduke

Answer 12

June 28, 1914
Traveling into Sarajevo (main town in Bosnia (Slavic people))
-Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke

Question 13

July 28, 1914

Answer 13

Austria declares war on Serbia

-Germany’s “blank check” (support)

Question 14

July 29th 1914

Answer 14

Russia mobilizes

-gets army ready, starts moving them

Question 15

August 3, 1914

Answer 15

Germany mobilizes

Question 16

August 4, 1914

Answer 16

Germany invades Belgium (neutral)

Question 17

August 4, 1914

Answer 17

Britain declares war on Germany

Question 18

The Schlieffen Plan (1905)

Answer 18

Quickly defeat the French, then send troops to defeat Russia

Question 19

Central Powers

Answer 19

Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Question 20

Treaty of London (1915)

Answer 20

Italy joined the Allied Powers (after being neutral)

• told Italy they’d give them land
• secret

Question 21

The Battle of the Marne

Answer 21

September 1914
The German advance is stopped on the western front
-Schlieffen Plan doesn’t work

Question 22

The Gallipoli Campaign

Answer 22

Allies attempt to take the straits

-does not go well, cannot defeat Ottomans

Question 23

New Weapons

Answer 23

Bombs, planes, tanks, gas

Question 24

The Somme

Answer 24

1916 The British offensive Over a million casualties in each battle

Question 25

Lusitania

Answer 25

``` British passenger ship Over 1,260 dead Sunk by German Submarine Had been filled with war materials Woodrow Wilson was furious -"we will stop unrestricted submarine warfare" ```

Question 26

Irredentism

Answer 26

Land that should belong to a country

Question 27

February 1, 1917

Answer 27

Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare | -knew it was a risk

Question 28

Zimmerman Note

Answer 28

British Intercept the Zimmerman telegram on March 1, 1917 | From Germans to Mexicans; Mexicans never get it

Question 29

V.I. Lenin (1870-1924)

Answer 29

Exiled to Sweden Returns via the "sealed train (April 1917) -Germans helped him return (to stir up trouble) "peace, land, and bread" "All power to the Soviets" -thought was was stupid (workers killing workers) April Thesis

Question 30

Kornilov's Rebellion

Answer 30

September 1917 Leads a revolt against the provisional government -wants the tsar back (reactionary) -gives guns to Bolsheviks

Question 31

Bolshevik Revolution: November 1917

Answer 31

- Lenin now leader | - in Petrograd (St. Petersburg)

Question 32

Bloody Sunday

Answer 32

Peaceful march in 1905 led by Father Gapon | -troops started firing at peaceful marchers

Question 33

Revolution of 1905

Answer 33

Workers Soviets The October Manifesto -The Duma: advisory body; people could elect them -constitutional democrats (moderate)

Question 34

Prince Lvov

Answer 34

Constitutional democrat -claims Russia was headed toward democracy (Moderate)

Question 35

Woodrow Wilson declared war...

Answer 35

April 6, 1917 | -"to make the world safe for democracy"

Question 36

Alexander Kerensky

Answer 36

Social Revolutionary | -takes over after Lvov

Question 37

Constituent Assembly (January 1918)

Answer 37

Write a communist constitution

Question 38

The Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Answer 38

March 1918 Russia surrenders to Germany Sign a treaty at Brest-Litovsk -Germany takes 1/3 of Russian territory

Question 39

The Cheka

Answer 39

Lenin's secret police -fined/arrested people against communism The Red Army=communist army

Question 40

Civil War, 1918-1922

Answer 40

"War Communism" -process of nationalizing industries -Lenin wants to control economy (eliminates class struggle) Reds vs. Whites (communists vs. everyone else) -U.S. sends troops to help the Whites

Question 41

Comintern

Answer 41

Lenin's attempt to stimulate world-wide revolutions

Question 42

The New Economic Policy (NEP), 1921-27

Answer 42

Lenin wants to reestablish capitalism

Question 43

Stalin

Answer 43

"Socialism in One Country" -spread communism one country at a time Trotsky=Permanent Revolution (world-wide revolution) Trotsky fled to Mexico after Stalin was in power

Question 44

The Final German Offensive: Spring 1918

Answer 44

Second battle of the Marne | -German offensive fails

Question 45

14-Point Speech

Answer 45

Woodrow Wilson - just stop fighting - Germans are interested in speech - great impact on last days of the war

Question 46

11/11/11

Answer 46

November 11, 1918 -Sign the Armistice -signed in a railway car at 11 am (Austria and Germany)

Question 47

The Paris Peace Talks, 1919

Answer 47

The "Big Four" : Lloyd George, Orlando (Italy), George Clemenceau (France), and Woodrow Wilson -what can we do about nationalism, imperialism, balance of power, alliance system -what started the war Lenin was NOT invited