world war1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
nationalism
Nationalism is further oriented towards developing and maintaining a national identity based on shared characteristics such as culture, language, ra
risorgimento
nationalism. The first, known as Primordialism or Perennialism, sees nationalism as a natural phenomenon. It holds that although the concept nationhood may be recent
young italy movement
nationalism. It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or that multinationality
giuseppe mazzing
influential groups unsatisfied with traditional identities due to inconsistency between their defined social order and the experience of that social order by its members, resulting in a situation of anomie that nationalists seek to resolve.[6
giuseppe garibaldi
anomie results in a society or societies reinterpreting identity, retaining elements that are deemed acceptable and removing elements deemed unacceptable, in order to create a unified community.[6
liberals
are deemed acceptable and removing elements deemed unacceptable, in order to create a unified community.
vnification
Nationalism” is the term historians used to characterize the modern sense of national political autonomy and self-determination from the late 18th century onwards
otto von bismarch
unification through a series of highly successful short wars against Denmark, Austria and France which thrilled the pan-German nationalists in the smaller German states.
kaiser
ïmost influential of the German nationalist historians, was Treitschke who had an enormous influence on elite students at Heidelberg and Berlin universities.
the zollverein
meaning the Resurgence or revival). It was the political and intellectual movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
the junkers
South (called the Mezzogiorno) and the devout Catholics. The new government treated the South as a conquered province with ridicule for its “backward” and poverty stricken society, its poor grasp of the Italian language, and its traditions.
franco Prussian
cheerfully of a European conflagration, and alarmed his German or British friends with this suggestions of preventative attacks on his enemies. His policies were ruinous, both for Italy’s trade with France, a
realpolitik
. That involved a highly aggressive nationalism that led to a series of wars, an alliance with Hitler’s Germany, and humiliation and hardship in the Second World War. After 1945 the Catholics returned to government and tensions eased somewhat, bu
czaralexnder
thousand years before, and modern Polish nationalists should restore its central values of Poland for the Poles.
emancipation
Spanish descent born in New Spain (called “criollos” in Spanish or “creoles” in English). The two groups wrestled for power, with the criollos leading the call for independence. Spain tried to use its armies to fight back but had no help from European powers. Indeed,
serfs
Chinese Republic and the realization of democracy through the Three Principles, . . . for the progress of good government, the happiness and perpetual peace of the people, and for the strengthening of the foundations of the state in the name of peace throughout the world.[5
social democratic party
until after World War II when forces of nationalism grew much stronger. In the 1950s and 1960s the colonial holdings became independent states.
autocrat
British and French and other armies in the world wars. It led to organizations that were not controlled by or endorsed by either the colonial powers not the traditional local power structures t
pogroms
Leaders of nationalist movements took control when the European authorities exited; many ruled for decades or until they died off. These structures included political, educational, relig
nihilists
focused on racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid. The black nationalist movement fought them until success
duma
industrial economy capable of self-sustainability, a central supreme authority capable of maintaining authority and unity, and a centralized language understood by a community of people.[62]
tanzimat reforms
based upon “mechanical solidarity” versus societies based on “organic solidarity”.[63] Durkheim identified mechanical solidarity as involving custom, habit, and repression that was necessary to maintain shared views.
dual monarchy
acceptance of a social order. Durkheim claimed that modern society bases integration on the mutual benefits of the division of labour, but noted that the impersonal character of modern urban life caused alienation and feelings of anomie.
balkan league
and mobilize themselves in response.[71] There are proximate environments where individuals identify nonimmediate real or imagined situations in combination with immediate situations that make individuals confront a common situation of both subjective and objective components that affect their decisions.[72] As such proximate environments cause p
