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Wounds Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the outcomes of acute inflammation

A

no bleeding, necrosis, erythemia, edema, exudate, red granulation

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2
Q

what 2 stages can acute inflammation progress to

A

chronic inflam
acute proliferation

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3
Q

describe chronic inflam

A

increased redness, edema, and warmth

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4
Q

describe acute proliferation (size, type of tissue, wound exudate, odor)

A

-decreased size
-red granulation tissue
-serous or serosanguineous wound exudate
-no odor

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5
Q

what does acute proliferation progress to

A

epithelization or chronic proliferation

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6
Q

what is chronic proliferation (exudate, odor, tissue)

A

-purulent exudate
-malodor
-granulated tissue from beefy red to pink

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7
Q

what is the hallmark sign of chronic proliferation** (not from slides)

A

granulated tissue red to pink

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8
Q

what is acute epithelization

A

resurfacing and change in wound healing phase to remodeling

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9
Q

what are the edges like in chronic epithelization

A

rolled wound edges

fibrotic and stuck w/o allowing for resurfacing the wound

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10
Q

what 2 things cause lack of epithelization

A

-drying out
-poor dressing choice b/c epithelial cells require moist environments

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11
Q

what occurs in the remodeling phase

A

presence of immature scar formation (optimal healing)

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12
Q

how long can remodeling stage last

A

6 months to 2 years

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13
Q

describe healthy remodeling

A

-thick scar
-better vascularized
-softer and flatter

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14
Q

what forces are healthy remodeling more resistant to

A

shear, friction, pressure

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15
Q

what does healthy remodeling prevent

A

reoccurrence of ulceration

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16
Q

what is transudate

A

clear, not worrisome in high volumes

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17
Q

describe serosanguinous fluid

A

transudate/exudate mixed with blood

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18
Q

describe purulent fluid

A

cloudy, yellowish; infect

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19
Q

describe maceration

A

surrounding epithelial tissue water logged

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20
Q

describe rolling edges

A

epithelial tissue rolls under edge of wound

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21
Q

4 types of measurements

A

-acetate grid
-area w/ tape measure
-depth
-photographs

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22
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

redness, skin intact

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23
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

partial thickness involving epidermis and dermis

shallow open ulcer, blister

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24
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer wound

A

epidermal layer, fat may be visible

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25
stage 4 pressure ulcer wound
bone, tendon, mus exposed
26
risk factors of pressure ulcer wounds
-inactivity -moisture -poor nutrition -impaired mental status -dry scaly fragile skin -mechanical forces -sensory deficit: pain, pressure -elderly -hypoTN -obesity, low BW -cardiac failure -jt contractures -diabetes -cancer
27
causes of venous ulcers
veins unable to return blood to heart
28
7 characteristics of venous ulcer
-large -irregular edges -swollen leg -skin dry and itchy -near ankle or calf -painless, pain relief with elevation -ulcer hard w/ brown/red-brown coloring
29
10 triggers of venous ulcer
-cellulitis -penetrating injury -contact dermatitis -rapid edema increase -burn -scratching dry skin -blunt trauma -deliberate self-inflicted injury -insect bite -superficial vein bleed
30
cause of arterial insufficiency
hardening or narrowing of arteries
31
5 characteristics of arterial insufficiency
-ft and legs cold -whitish or bluish -shiny -ulcers are hard, distinct edges -on calf, thigh, or butt
32
3 triggers of arterial insufficiency
-RA -diabetes -heart diseases
33
describe first degree burns
-affects outer layer, superficial -redness, pain, swelling
34
describe second degree burn
-outer and underlying layer of skin, partial thickness -pain, redness, swelling, blistering -involves epidermis and part of dermis
35
describe third degree burn
-affects deep layers, full thickness -epidermis and dermis -damage bones, mus, tendons
36
what are alginates
-made from seaweed -form moist gel through ion exchange -requires secondary dressing
37
describe antimicrobial dressing
-reduce infection risk for partial and full thickness -handles exudate
38
describe absorptives
-multilayer wound covers -minimize adherence and mg exudate -highly absorptive layers of fibers -primary or secondary
39
describe collagen dressing
-may interact with exudate to form a gel -requires secondary dressing -partial and full thickness etc
40
describe contact layers
-thin, nonadherent sheets -protect from direct contact -exudate absorbed by secondary dressing
41
describe foam dressings
-hold fluids -could be impregnated -adhesive border and/or transparent film coating as protection
42
describe hydrogel amorphous
-no shape -maintains moist environment -require secondary dressing
43
describe impregnated hydrogel
-saturated in amorphous hydrogel -maintains moist environment -necrosis and deep wounds
44
describe hydrogel sheets
-3D cross linked hydrophilic polymers -non adhesive -absorbent
45
describe hydrocolloids
-self-adhering -w/ or w/o adhesive border -good for areas needing contour (heels sacrum)
46
describe transparent films
-has adhesive -impermeable to liquid, water, and bacteria -permeable to moisture vapor and atmospheric gases think of the thing that covers IV
47
what does TIME stand for regarding wound healing
tissue, infection/inflam, moisture, edge
48
what does MEASURE stand for in regards to wound assessment
measure, exudate, appearance, suffering, undermining, reevaluation, edge
49
Rule of 9’s head
9%
50
Rule of 9’s trunk
36%
51
Rule of 9’s arm
9%
52
Rule of 9’s LE
18% each leg (9% ant and 9% post)
53
Rule of 9’s groin
1%
54
5 contraindications for e-stim
-cancerous lesion -osteomyelitis -location of lesion -sensation -cognition
55
what is current injury
injured cells possess own currents/endogenous currents
56
what is a wound a source of
electrical leaking
57
what does greater distance from center of wound do to electrical potential
increases it
58
what part of the wound contains large electrical fields
edges
59
cells from what layer of the skin move to the anode? to the cathode?
upper epidermal lower epidermis and fibroblasts
60
what can negative current do to necrotic tissue
liquefy it
61
what 2 types of estim can improve BF
HVPC and monophasic pole
62
what type of antibacterial affect does the positive pole have
bacteriostatic effect
63
what type of antibacterial affect does the negative pole have
increase tissue healing

526 (7 decks)

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