Writing Task Flashcards by Marina Diniz

Sinonimo para
There was an overall downward trend […]

There was an overall decline […]

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Sinônimo para
[…] demand dropped steadily to […]

[…] demand fell gradually to […]

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Sinônimo para
There was a slight rise of […], but then there was a sharp fall of […]

There was a small increase of […], but then there was a significant drop of […]

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rate

the speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period

ratio; proportion

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plunged

to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something

dipped; soaked

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plummeted

to fall very quickly and suddenly

collapsed

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soared

to rise very quickly to a high level; to reach a great height

climb; fly;
ascend

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slow trend

gradually, slightly, steadily

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fast trend

wildly, sharply, dramatically, suddenly

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template resposta task 1

THE [tipo de gráfico apresentado] PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT [tema geral do enunciado]. IT SHOWS [descrição dos eixos].

OVERALL, […] BY CONTRAST, […]

A CLOSER EXAMINATION OF THE FIGURES […] REVEALS THAT […]

IT IS CLEAR FROM THE CHART THAT […]

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Sinonimo para
“demand dropped steadily to around …”

demand fell gradually to around …

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Sinonimo para
“there was a slight rise of …, but then there was a sharp fall

there was a small increase of …, but then there was a significant drop

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Sinonimo para
“recovered to its previous level, but numbers have since declined steadily”

rose to the same level, but numbers have since fallen slowly

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Sinonimo para
“rose gradually to around …. years ago and have remained stable ever since”

increased slowly to … and has since levelled off

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fewest; least

fewer is used when the number of things is counted (“fewer problems”) whereas less is used when the number is measured (“less trouble” or “less time”).

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Cohesive devices
Sinonimo para
“However”

Yet
Be that as it may

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Cohesive devices
Sinonimo para
“Therefore”

Consequently
For this reason

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Task1 Adverbs to describe HOW
sharply > ….. > moderately

considerably
significantly
substantially

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Cohesive devices
Sinonimo para
“Still,”

Nonetheless
Nevertheless

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Cohesive devices
Sinonimo para
“Whereas”

While
But

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Highlighting interesting points Adverbs

Encouragingly
Not surprisingly
Thankfully

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Highlighting interesting points Adverbs

Disturbingly
Unpredictably
Strangely

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Highlighting interesting points Adverbs

Unexpectedly
Predictably
Worryingly

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First conditional
… publishers think that they can sell enough copies, they will not publish a book.

Unless

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First conditional ... reviewers like the manuscript, they will pass it on to the commissioning editor.

Provided

First conditional The book can go for printing ... it has been thoroughly checked for errors

a resounding success

also informal a roaring success) a very great success "The evening was a resounding success"

blueprint (for something)

a plan which shows what can be achieved and how it can be achieved "a blueprint for the privatization of healthcare"

status

high rank or social position; the level of importance that is given to something "This reflects the high status accorded to science in our culture"

Reporting words and phrases

Claim Contradict Concluded Question Held Explained

Linking words and phrases

In spite of Despite Whereas Although

precinct

a part of a city or a town in which vehicles are not allowed, used for a special purpose, such as shopping

mint

a place where the new coins of a country are made casa da moeda [ S ] informal an extremely large amount of money fortuna

devise

to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination criar

appointee

sb assigned to a job nomeado/-da

prejudicado

undermined, harmed

uso desenfreado

uncontrolled, rampant

incentivado

stimulated, promoted, encouraged

piorar

worsen, deteriorate

baseado em...

built, foundation

me faz sentir renovada

renewed, energetic, recharged

fuga de cérebros

brain drain

Task1 simple present e quando usar

gráficos descritivos

Task1 simple past e quando usar

gráficos com datas no passado

Present continuous

started not finished I am doing

Past continuous

I was doing

Future: be going to

future plans and intentions the decision is already made Be going to is used when we want to emphasise our decision or the evidence in the present

Future: will

Will is used when we are talking about something with absolute certainty Will is used to make predictions about the future

Present perfect

period of time that continues until now I have done

Present perfect continuous

we are thinking of the activity I have been doing

Conditionals (If)

Past perfect

I had done

Past perfect continuous

I had been doing

Reported speech

He said that....

Future perfect

Future perfect continuous

Passive voice

Diagrams Task1 To help plan your answer

write the different verbs you will use to describe each stage on the diagram itself

Maps Task 1 Describing changes - verbs

add remove modernise extend replace reconstruct improve renovate reduce develop

Task2 TO WHAT EXTENT

how much do you agree? I wholeheartedly agree/disagree that.. I am completely convinced that… I am somewhat on the fence… (50/50).