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OMM 101 Written Exams > Written Exam 1 > Flashcards

Written Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the OMM perspective for analyzing patient problems?

A 
Biomechanics
Fluid flow
Nervous system (including autonomics)
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2
Q

What are the five models of osteopathic care?

A

Biomechanical, Behavioral, Neurological, Metabolic and Respiratory-Circulatory

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3
Q

What is the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory-circulatory model?

A

Anatomy: Thoracic inlet, thoracic diaphragm, pelvic diaphragms, tenotium cerebelli, costal cage
Physiology: Ventilation, circulation, venous and lymph drainage

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4
Q

What is the goal in the respiratory-circulatory model?

A

To improve all of the diaphragm restrictions in the body

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5
Q

What is the anatomy and physiology in the metabolic model?

A

Anatomy: Internal organs, endocrine glands
Physiology: Metabolic processes, homeostasis, digestion, immune, reproduction, waste removal, energy regulatory processes

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6
Q

What is the goal in the metabolic model?

A

Enhance self-regulatory and self-healing, foster energy conservation, enhance immune system, endocrine and organ functions

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7
Q

What is the anatomy and physiology in the neurologic model?

A

Anatomy: Head, CNS, ANS, PNS
Physiology: Control, coordination, integration of body functions, protective mechanisms, sensation

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8
Q

What is the goal in the neurologic model?

A

Attain autonomic balance and address neural reflex activity, remove facilitated segments, decrease afferent nerve signals, address entrapment neuropathy and relieve pain

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9
Q

What is the anatomy and physiology of the behavioral model?

A

Anatomy: Brain and neuroendocrine system
Physiology: Physiological and social activities, stress, anxiety, work, family, social habits, values, attitudes and beliefs

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10
Q

What is the goal in the behavioral model?

A

Improve the biological, psychological and social components of the health spectrum

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11
Q

What are the 6 systems that somatic dysfunction can occur?

A

SAMVLAN: Skeletal, Arthrodial, Myofascial elements, Vascular, Lymphatic and, Neural elements

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12
Q

What are the 8 rules of anatomy?

A

Proximity, Function, Supply, Drainage, Pain, Connectedness, Difference, Order

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13
Q

What is a trigger point?

A

A localized contraction of a small number of muscle fibers within a larger muscle or muscle bundle

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14
Q

What is a viscero-somatic reflex?

A

Irritated organ causes change in tissue texture, or causes pain in somatic body

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15
Q

What is somato-viscero reflex?

A

Irritated somatic tissue can disrupt autonomic input to organ

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16
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Spinal cord receives afferent information from overlapping somatic and visceral fibers; pain is felt in another part of the body than the actual source

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17
Q

What does TART stand for?

A

Tenderness
Asymmetry
Restricted motion
Tissue texture changes

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18
Q

What is tensegrity?

A

The balance between stability and strength

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19
Q

What is a somatic dysfunction?

A

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system

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20
Q

What are acute and chronic symptoms of tenderness?

A

Acute: Severe, sharp
Chronic: Dull, achy, or burning

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21
Q

What are acute and chronic symptoms of asymmetry?

A

Acute: presents w/o compensatory changes
Chronic: Presents with compensation found in adjacent structures

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22
Q

What are the acute and chronic symptoms of restriction?

A

Acute: Present, movement painful
Chronic: Present, but decreased or no pain

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23
Q

What are the acute and chronic symptoms of tissue texture abnormality?

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A

Acute: Edematous, erythematous, boggy, muscles hypertonic
Chronic: Decreased of no edema, no erythema, cool dry skin, slight tension. Decreased muscle tone, flaccid, ropy, fibrotic

24
Q

What are the points of symmetry down the body for perfect posture?

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A

External auditory meatus, Acromion joint, Middle of L3 vertebrae, Greater trochanter, Lateral femoral epicondyle, slightly anterior to lateral malleolus

25
What are the landmarks to be palpitated in a posterior screen?
Mastoid processes, level of shoulders (AC joints), inferior border of scapulae, iliac crests, PSIS (dimples marking PSIS S1-S2), Trochanters
26
What is reached first the anatomical or physiological barrier?
Physiological
27
What happens to the neutral position when there is a loss of a range of motion to the right?
The neutral position may shift more to the left to the center of the remaining range of motion
28
In the Beck Models what are the two points to intervene at?
Conscious thoughts and Behavior
29
What are the targets in the somatic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle
30
What are the targets in the ANS?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, connective tissue, cells of immune system
31
What are the four main types of receptors?
Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain receptors (nociceptors), and proprioceptors
32
What type of receptors are located deeper in the skin and within joints, tendons and muscles? What are their names?
Mechanoreceptors | Ruffini's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles
33
What are the names of the receptors in the very top layers of non-hairy skin?
Merkel's disks (slow adapting) and Meissner's corpuscles (rapidly adapting)
34
What are visceral reflexes?
Reflexes mediated by control centers in the brain and in the spinal cord (cardiac, smooth muscle or glandular response to maintain internal homeostasis)
35
What is the rule of three?
Spinous process and transverse process relationship to each other T1-T3 are at the same level, T4-T6 transverse process are 1/2 level above, T7-T9 transverse process are 1 whole step above spinous process, T10 1 step, T11 1/2 step above, T12 1 whole step above
36
Where does weight bearing occur in neutral mechanics?
Bodies and discs
37
What does weight bearing occurring in non-neutral mechanics?
The articular facets
38
What are the superior facet orientations for Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar vertebrae?
C: BUM (Backwards, Upwards, Medial) T: BUL (Backwards, Upwards, Lateral) L: BUM (Backwards, Upwards, Medial)
39
What are the inferior facet orientations for Cervical Thoracic and Lumbar vertebrae?
The opposite of superior C: FDL T: FDM L: FDL
40
What are Chapman's reflexes?
Viscero-somatic reflex found on Chapman's points throughout the body
41
What is the difference in anterior and posterior Chapman's points?
Anterior: used primarily for diagnosis Posterior: used primarily for treatment
42
What is facilitation in the spinal cord?
A pool of neurons with altered or enhanced neuronal activity; at a level of partial or sub threshold excitation so less stimulation is required to trigger a discharge
43
What areas can be facilitated?
Brain, viscera, somatic afferents
44
What can cause facilitation?
Persistent abnormal stimulus from the brain/higher centers, visceral afferents, or somatic afferents
45
What are the four primary layers of fascia and their functions?
Pannicular: covers the body Investing: surrounds the musculoskeletal system, axial and appendicular skeleton Meningeal: complex layers surrounding the CNS Visceral: surrounds the body cavities and organs
46
What are the two layers of investing fascia?
Hypaxial and 2 epaxial layers transverse process demarcates them
47
What are innervation pathways for the abdominal diaphragm?
Cervical segments 3, 4, 5 (phrenic nerve)
48
What are the innervation pathways for pulmonary and cardiac structures?
T1-6
49
What are the innervation pathways for the tentorium cerebelli?
Cranial nerves V (Trigeminal)
50
What are the innervation pathways for the pelvic floor diaphragm?
L4, 5, S2, 3, 4
51
What are the innervation pathways for parasympathetics?
Vagus Nerve
52
What plane position dictates the motion pattern that occurs in the spine?
Sagittal plane
53
What characterizes a compound Type 1 motion?
Sidebending and rotation in opposite directions (neutralize each other) occurs in groups of 3 or more (N Rl Sr)
54
Beck Model
Perceptions-> Assumptions and Beliefs-> Automatic thoughts-> Emotions-> Behavior
55
Parasympathetic Nerves
Vagus and sacral 2, 3, 4
56
What moves lymph along?
Lymphangion

OMM 101 Written Exams (2 decks)

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