WSET II Chapter 4 Flashcards by Jennifer Thompson

What do all fruit spirit distillers use?

Fruit grown locally

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Why do they need to use locally grown fruit?

Because it spoils quickly and puts out an off aroma

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What are the two ways to process fruit?

Crushed and pressed to create a liquid to distill

Macerated in a neutral spirit

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What grapes to distillers prefer?

White grapes because theyre highly acidic and don’t produce aroma

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How are grapes processed?

crushed and pressed to release their juice, skins and seeds discarded

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Producers must distill wine

within a few months of fermentation

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What is pomace?

Grape skins discarded by winemakers

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What does pomace make?

Pomace brandy

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Before being fermented what needs to happen to the grape skins?

Adding water

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The skin of black grapes

gives wine its color

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The skins give pomace brandy

herbaceous and spicy aromas

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Why would you macerate fruit into a neutral spirit?

It is difficult to get enough juice out of some fruits to ferment it

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Most macerated fruit in neutral spirits are

high quality flavored vodkas

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Majority of high quality fruit spirits are made using

pot stills

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Most grape and apple brandies are

matured in oak barrels and sometimes matures for decades

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France uses grapes to make

Cognac

Armagnac

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France uses apples to produce

Calvados

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What are the four big companies of Cognac

Remy Martin
Martell
Courvosier
Hennessey

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Vs is how many years

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VSOP is how many years

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XO is how many years

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VS means

Very special

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VSOP means

Very Special Old Pale

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XO means

Extra Old

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From top to bottom what are the regions of France

Calvados Cognac Armagnac

What is the best area for grapes to make cognac

Grande Champagne

What are the other two subregions important for Cognac

Petite Champagne | Borderies

In order to use Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne and Borderies on a label,

100% of the grapes must come from that region

If a Cognac is a blend of spirits from Grand Champagne and Petite Champagne it can be labeled as

Fine Champange but must have 50% from Grande

Armagnac is usually produced by

smaller companies

What does Chateau on a label mean

a small individual producer

What is vontage armagnac

the grapes were harvested in that year

What are the two subregions of Armagnac

Bas | Tenareze

What is Blanche Armanac

Has not been matured in oak

What is Folle Blanche

grape variety used in armanac with fruity aromas

Blanche Armagnac is aged

3 months in stainless steel

VS Armagnac is

Very special 1 year

VSOP Armagnac is

Very special old pale 4 years

XO Armagnac is

Extra Old 6 years

Hors d'Age/Vintage Armanac is

10 years

Grappa is

pomace spirit from Italy

Grappa is made from

Muscat grapes

What will always be on the label of Grappa

the word grappa

Many of the best brandy producers will mature their newly made spirits

in new oak for 1 year and then transfer to a old barrel

Why are two barrels used for brady?

To ensure that oak doesn't overpower the fruit and floral notes

Pomace brandies and fruit brandies (besides apple)

are not oak matured but rested in inert vessels

Cognac grapes must be grown

north of Bordeaux in southwest France

What grape is used to make most cognacs

Ugni Blanc

Brandies made from Ugni Blanc have a signature aroma of

raisins and violets

When are Cognac grapes picked

Autumn

Cognac must be distilled by

the end of March

How is Cognac distilled

double distilled in copper pot stills

How are Cognac stills heated

directly by flames

What type of condenser is used with cognac

worm tub

Cognacs must be matured in

oak for a minimum of two years

The vast majority of Cognacs are

blends

Fine Cognacs aged in demijohns are used to

to add complexity to the most prestigious blends

When preparing for bottling most cognacs are

slightly sweetened

Armanac must come from a region

south of Bordeaux

What grapes are used for Armagnac

Ugni Blanc Baco Folle Blanche

Baco grapes

give an aroma of prunes

Folle Blanche grapes give an aroma of

flowers

What type of still is most common with Armagnac

Short Column stills

Calvados must be made in

Normandy, very north of France

Calvados is made from

apples and pears

What type of still is used in Calvados

pot and short column

How is Calvados matured

in large oak vessels

How is Grappa matured?

inert vessels for a year or more

What is Pisco

Grape brandy made in Peru and Chile

How is Pisco distilled

pot stills

What grape is used for Pisco

Muscat

In Peru, a legal requirement of Pisco is

that it is unaged

Spirits made from plums, cherries, strawberries and raspberries come from

Central Europe