WWI (Effects + Battles + Characterizations)

Question 1

What happened on November 11 of 1918?

Answer 1

The armistice ending WWI was signed

Question 2

What did Germany want a peace treaty on the basis of after they surrendered?

Answer 2

Wilson’s 14 points

Question 3

Who were the victors of WWI?

Answer 3

Britain, France, USA, Italy

Question 4

Who were defeated in WWI?

Answer 4

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey

Question 5

What did the Allies meet to discuss in 1919?

Answer 5

Paris peace settlements

Question 6

What were the 6 ideological shifts as a result of WWI?

Answer 6

1. New independent states
2. Democratization
3. Evolution of foreign policy to negotiation
4. changing superpower states
5. changin ideologies and nature of peace
6. workers become more significant
7. women become more significany

Question 7

Which empires collpased after WWI (shift 1)

Answer 7

Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Question 8

What were some of the new successor states that emerged after the paris peace settlement?

Answer 8

Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Yugoslavia

Question 9

What was destroyed as new successor states emerged?

Answer 9

traditional balance of power

Question 10

What did WWI bring a collapse and rise to?

Answer 10

collapse of imperial monarchy, rise of republicanism

Question 11

What idea regarding traditional government elites was shattered after WWI? (shift 2)

Answer 11

that they knew best

Question 12

In 1920, why was the League of Nations set up? (shift 3)

Answer 12

to reform international relations

Question 13

What was the establishment of the League of Nations a part of? (shift 3)

Answer 13

the paris peace settlements and Wilson’s vision for an ethical system of diplomacy

Question 14

What was to be replaced with the establishment of the League of Nations? (shift 3)

Answer 14

ideas that war was a vaid means of foreign policy

Question 15

How much did WWI cost?

Answer 15

estimated 34 million pounds

Question 16

How did the Powers pay for the war?

Answer 16

with loans, mostly from USA

Question 17

What was the economic situation in Germany in the 1920s due to the war?

Answer 17

bad: inflation destroyed the currency and the savings of many middle-class Germans

Question 18

Why did the USA emerge as world superpower after WWI?

Answer 18

many other European Powers were indebted to the US

Question 19

What were the reactions of the USA emerging as the new superpower from the US and Britain?

Answer 19

US didn’t want to be superpower of world (isolationism), GB didn’t want to give it up

Question 20

How many soldiers died in WWI? (shift 5)

Answer 20

9 million

Question 21

How many civilians died in WWI? (shift 5)

Answer 21

12 million (21 million wounded)

Question 22

How many citizens died from disease and from the flu epidemic? (shift 5)

Answer 22

5 mil from disease, 20 mil from flu

Question 23

Whose positions were improved after the war? (shift 6)

Answer 23

trade unions and workers governments dependent on industry

Question 24

What did trade unions want after WWI? (shift 6)

Answer 24

more social and political power, more money for social insurance benefits for unemployed workers and families

Question 25

What was the goal for the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 25

to quickly defeat and occupy France by going through neutral Belgium using pincer movement before facing Russia, avoid war on 2 fronts

Question 26

What were the advantages of the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 26

secret attack, head start, could avoid 2-front war, less damage, Russia slow to mobalize

Question 27

What went wrong with the Schleiffen plan that was unexpected?

Answer 27

Russia mobalized faster than expected

Question 28

What were the 3 ideas the Schlieffen plan was based off of?

Answer 28

1. if there was a war, Germany would have to fight France and Russia 2. France was weak 3. Russia was strong but slow (6 weeks to mobalize estamated)

Question 29

What assupmtions were made for the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 29

Russia would be slow to mobalize, France could be defeated in this time, British would stay out

Question 30

Why was Britain obliged to help Belgium if an invasion were to occur?

Answer 30

because they signed Treaty of 1839

Question 31

Why did the Schleiffen plan fail?

Answer 31

Timeline didn't work out, Belgium resistance, British expeditionary force, Germany didn't have enough men

Question 32

What year was the Miracle at the Marne?

Answer 32

1914

Question 33

What was involved in the Miracle at the Marne?

Answer 33

unable to save Belgium, Allies retreated to Marne River in France where German advance is halted, Allied victory

Question 34

What was involved in Trench Warfare and the Race to the Sea?

Answer 34

two parallel systems of trenches crossed France from Belgium to Switzerland

Question 35

When did the war transition from mobile to static?

Answer 35

with trench warfare

Question 36

How did strategy change with trench warfare and the race to the sea?

Answer 36

transitioned from outmaneuvering to weak point strategy

Question 37

What was involved with the First Battle of Ypres?

Answer 37

culmination of Race to the Sea, indecisive Allied victory

Question 38

What year was the First Battle of Ypres?

Answer 38

1914

Question 39

What did the First Battle of Ypres come to represent?

Answer 39

transition of war to stalemate

Question 40

What year did Turkey Join the Fray?

Answer 40

1914

Question 41

What did Turkey do after allying with Germany, leading to Russia declaring war and the Entente declaring war on the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 41

Turkey joined central powers and bombed Russian parts of the Black Sea

Question 42

What did German officials propose in 1915 regarding U-boats?

Answer 42

unrestricted sub warfare

Question 43

Why did Germany want unrestricted sub warfare?

Answer 43

they wanted to scare off trade with Britain by sinking neutral merchant ships

Question 44

When did Germany announce commerce war against nations trading with Britain?

Answer 44

Feb 18, 1915

Question 45

What battle distinguished Canadians as determined fighting force?

Answer 45

Second Battle of Ypres, 1915

Question 46

When was the first large-scale poison gas attack?

Answer 46

1915, Second Battle of Ypres

Question 47

When was Gallipoli?

Answer 47

Feb., 1915-Jan., 1916

Question 48

Which battle resulted in Churchill's demotion where he was forced to resign, and was a failure for the Allies?

Answer 48

Gallipoli

Question 49

What was the goal for Gallipoli for the British government?

Answer 49

to open a second front at Gallipoli, Turkey

Question 50

What was the Gallipoli campaign also known as?

Answer 50

the Dardanelles campagin

Question 51

What kind of battle was Gallipoli?

Answer 51

naval

Question 52

Why did both sides want to control the Dardanelles?

Answer 52

it was the only waterway between the Black Sea in the east and the Mediterranean Sea in the West

Question 53

Why did Britsh want control of the Dardanelles?

Answer 53

to secure a direct line to Russian navy in the Black Sea

Question 54

What did the British think would persuade neutral states to join them (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania)?

Answer 54

victory against Turkey (Gallipoli)

Question 55

When was the Lusitania sunk?

Answer 55

May 7, 1915

Question 56

What stopped sub warfare?

Answer 56

the sinking of the Lusitania

Question 57

What was the biggest Britain attack of 1915?

Answer 57

Battle of Loos

Question 58

What was the first for the British in the Battle of Loos?

Answer 58

First use of poison gas, first mass engagement of New Army units

Question 59

Who won the Battle of Loos?

Answer 59

the Germans

Question 60

What battle was the human record for killing and destruction?

Answer 60

Verdun

Question 61

What quote is associated with Verdun?

Answer 61

"We shall bleed them white with our superior guns"

Question 62

What was Jutland the battle between?

Answer 62

Britain's Royal Navy Grand Fleet and Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet

Question 63

Who won Jutland?

Answer 63

both sides claim victory

Question 64

What was the goal of the Battle of the Somme?

Answer 64

British wanted to take heat off French in Verdun and press Germans to save Eastern Front from collapse

Question 65

When was the first tank usage?

Answer 65

during Battle of the Somme

Question 66

What was the most deadly battle?

Answer 66

Battle of the Somme

Question 67

What was the greatest Russian Victory of WWI?

Answer 67

the Brusilov Offensive

Question 68

What did the Brusilov Offensive accomplish?

Answer 68

diverted Central Powers froces from Western Front and persuaded Romania to join the war which diverted more Central Powers to the East