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WWI Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Derby Scheme introduced?

A

November 1915

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2
Q

What did the Derby Scheme do?

A

Called upon men 18-41 on a national register to enlist

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3
Q

When was the Kiel Mutiny?

A

34d November 1918

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4
Q

How many cases of desertion were there in 1917 in the German army?

A

100,000

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5
Q

What were the Pals Battalions, and who were they introduced by?

A

Lord Derby and Kitchener–encouraged people from the same town to enlist together.

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6
Q

What were the voluntary enlistment assumption figures made at the beginning of war?

A

100,000 would voluntarily enlist per month

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7
Q

What happened to conchies whose claims were turned down?

A

If claimed turned down and failed to report for duty, could be court martialled and imprisoned

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8
Q

Approximately how many conchies went to prison at least once

A

6,000

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9
Q

Among which government departments did the Dept. of Info amalgamate?

A

Foreign Office News Department (overseas propaganda), Neutral Press Committee (provide info. to the press)

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10
Q

What did the Secret War Propaganda Bureau do?

A

Provided information, such as information about the war, to newspapers

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11
Q

When was the Patriotic Auxiliary Service Law introduced, and what did it do?

A
  1. Government could call up all men 17-60 for labour service in wartime industries
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12
Q

What was the expansion of the German army from peacetime to 1916

A

Peacetime-800,000

1916-5.8 million

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13
Q

What did the Allies do which affected German propaganda in 1914?

A

August 1914–cut German undersea cables except one. Their telegrams could be intercepted and read by the British; also less able to attract German support

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14
Q

What was artillery?

A

Large-calibre guns

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15
Q

What was a type of light artillery and its disadvantage?

A

Field guns. Only effective when used in groups

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16
Q

What were Howitzers?

A

Short guns with high trajectories

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17
Q

Example of Howitzers

A

BL 9.2, Big Bertha

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18
Q

What was the German counterpart of the Lewis machine gun?

A

Bergman

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19
Q

How effective were machine guns?

A

As effective as 80 rifles. Could fire 450 rounds p.m.

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20
Q

When was the First Battle of Cambrai?

A

November 1917

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21
Q

When was Verdun?

A

21st February-18th December 1916

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22
Q

When was gas first used?

A

Neuve Chappelle October 1914–shrapnel with chemical irritant. Chlorine gas–April 1915 (2nd Ypres)–Germans–8km gap opened

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23
Q

How many cases of shell shock had the British army dealt with by 1918?

A

80,000 cases

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24
Q

What percentage mustard gas victims died?

A

3%

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25
When did Zeppelin raids over London begin?
1915
26
What was an example of anti-British sentiment in Germany at the start of the war?
Hymn of Hate--'we have one foe...England!'
27
What was evidence of war weariness by 1916?
30,000--peace demonstration in Frankfurt; starvation on home front--food riots in over 30 German cities
28
What was evidence of disillusionment with the war by 1917?
~550 strikes (increase from ~150 in 1915)
29
How many died from starvation in 1917 in Germany?
250,000 dead
30
How many protested low standards of living and food shortages in Germany in 1918?
More than 1 million
31
How many shells were being produced in spring 1915 in Britain vs Germany?
Britain-700 vs Germany 250,000
32
When did Lloyd George become Minister for Munitions in the Asquith government?
1915
33
When was the Munitions of War Act passed?
July 1915
34
What did the Ministry of Munitions have power to do, under the Munitions of War Act (1915)?
Factories became production machines for front line; power to requisition raw materials; control of key factories
35
When was the leaving certificate introduced?
1915
36
What did the leaving certificate do?
Leaving Certificate from employer necessary to leave job in munition factories; without it, people could not find work for 6 weeks
37
How many munitions workers were there by 1918?
3 million
38
When was the National Registration Act introduced?
1915
39
What did the National Registration Act do?
Created a national register of all adults (men and women 16-65), included employment details, willingness to serve in work of national importance. They could be directed into these jobs
40
What were figures indicating the success of government schemes to boost munitions production?
1914-15--army received 100 artillery pieces and 6000 grenades 1915-16--army received 5000 artillery pieces and 27 million grenades
41
How many working days were lost to strikes by 1915?
3 million
42
How many working days in Britain were lost to strikes by 1915?
3 million
43
By the end of 1916, how many tonnes of British imports were U-boats destroying?
300,000 per month
44
What proportion of British food was imported in 1914?
2/3
45
When did Lloyd George replace Asquith as PM?
December 1916
46
What proportion of German food was previously imported?
More than 1/3
47
Which figure demonstrates the failure of German harvests in 1916-17?
Grain production 22.5 million T-->5.2
48
When was bread rationed in Germany?
1916
49
When were bread rations cut in Germany?
April 1917--cut from 200-->170g per day
50
By 1917, what nutritional requirements were German rations fulfilling?
Half average daily calorie requirements
51
What is a figure demonstrating that the British naval blockade hurt Germany?
Took away 80% German export market
52
What was the increase in British government taxation levels from 1914-18?
Increase of 800%
53
How did the Germans aim to finance the war, and what issues did this cause?
Printing more money, hoping that once Germany won, they could force the Allies to pay. Inflation--by 1917, purchasing power of workers' wages on home front only 50% prewar level
54
What was the increase in the German fiscal deficit from 1914-18?
Over 6-fold increase from 1914-18
55
What percentage of war finance could Germany afford by 1915?
Could only finance 16% of war from taxation; heavy borrowing
56
When was Queen Mary's Needlework Guild formed?
1914
57
How many members did the QM Needlework Guild have by the end of the war?
Over 1 million members
58
What was the increase in female civil servants?
Approx. 5-fold increase over course of war to ~170,000 by 1919
59
When was the Women's Land Army formed?
Early 1917
60
How many women worked in the WLA?
23,000
61
When was the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps established?
January 1917
62
How many women serviced in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps?
~57,000
63
How many women served in the Women's Royal Air Force?
~32,000
64
How many women serviced in the Women's Royal Navy Service?
At peak, over 7,000
65
What were the differences between the Women's Royal Air Force immobiles and mobiles?
Immobiles lived at home but were attached to a station. Mobiles lived in quarters and could be sent anywhere
66
Which piece of legislation gave women the limited right to vote?
Representation of People Act 1918
67
How was the right to female suffrage by 1918 limited?
Those enfranchised were generally middle-class and married. The majority of female war workers, esp. munitionettes, had been working-class
68
When did the Women's Social and Political Union change its newspaper name, and what to?
1915. The Suffragette-->Britannia
69
When was the Lusitania sunk?
7th May 1915
70
What were the casualties from the Lusitania?
1200 civilian lives. 124 Americans
71
When was the Sussex sunk?
24th March 1916
72
What were the casualties from the Sussex sinking?
2 wounded Americans
73
When did Congress vote to declare war?
6th April 1917
74
When did the Americans establish the Emergency Fleet Corporation?
16th April 1917 (10 days after declaring war)
75
What did the Emergency Fleet Corporation do?
Drastically increased naval construction--available tonnage 1 million-->10 million
76
What did the American navy do after America entered the war?
Lay mine barrages across the North Sea to inhibit the movement of American submarines
77
When was the Selective Service Act passed?
18th May 1917
78
What did the Selective Service Act require Americans do?
All American citizens 21-31 (later 18-45) had to register for the draft
79
How many men in America were inducted into service?
3 million of 24 million enlisted men
80
When did the first American Expeditionary Force troops arrive in France?
25th June 1917
81
When did the AEF enter trenches?
October 1917
82
When was the Russian-German ceasefire?
15th December 1917
83
When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ratified?
3rd March 1918
84
When did the first American soldiers begin fighting?
Spring 1918
85
How many divisions and troops were transferred from the Eastern to Western Front after Russian surrender?
52 divisions-almost 1 million troops
86
How many Russians were lost to German rule?
62 million Russians
87
What percentage of iron and coal reserves of Russia were surrendered to the Germans?
3.4
88
What were the modern-day territories surrendered by Russia to the Germans under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Most of modern-day Poland, Finland, the Baltic States, and the Ukraine
89
What percentage of heavy industry was surrendered to the Germans by Russia?
27%
90
At what rate were the Americans arriving in July 1918?
10,000 per day
91
When did the Americans begin arriving at 10,000 per day?
July 1918

Modern History (4 decks)

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