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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > X A&P - Chp 14 - The Heart and Heart Disease > Flashcards

X A&P - Chp 14 - The Heart and Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Myo

A

Muscle

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2
Q

Peri

A

Around

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3
Q

Septum

A

Wall

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4
Q

Stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord

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5
Q

tachycardia

A

faster than normal heartrate (100 bpm or higher)

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6
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

60 bpm or slower

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7
Q

Heart is located in the M…

A

Mediastinum (behind the sternum)

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8
Q

Portion of Aorta above Abdomen

A

Thoracic Aorta

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9
Q

Portion of Aorta below Abdomen

A

Abdominal Aorta

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10
Q

Layers of Heart (see image)

A
  • Endocardium (smooth like teflon)
  • Myocardium (muscle)
  • Epicardium aka Serous Pericardium aka Visceral Pericardium (touches heart directly, thin outermost layer)
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11
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Outermost later of Pericardium (see balloon fist image)

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12
Q

Structure of Pericardium

A
  • Outer fibrous pericardium

- Serous pericardium (parietal layer fused to pericardium, Visceral later, fused to myocardium)

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13
Q

Features of Myorcardium

A
  • striated (actin, myosin)
  • single cell nucleus
  • involuntary
  • intercalated discs
  • branching muscle fibers
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14
Q

CABG test

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft test

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15
Q

Heart: Right side pumps ?

A

blood low in oxygen to lungs (via pulmonary circuit)

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16
Q

Heart: Left side pumps ?

A

Oxygenated blood to body (via systemic circuit)

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17
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

R and L Atria

R and L ventricle

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18
Q

Right Atrium

A

receives low O blood returning from body through superior and inferior vena cava

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19
Q

Right Ventricle

A

pumps blood from right atrium to lungs

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20
Q

Left Atrium

A

received high O blood from lungs

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21
Q

Left Ventricle

A

pumps O blood to body

22
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

drains head and shoulders

23
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

delivers blood to bottom half

24
Q

Semi Lunar valves aka

A

Pulmonary and Aortic valve

25
Q

Right AV Valve (atrium to ventricle) aka

A

Tri-Cuspid valve

TRI to do right, but if you go to the left you have gone BI-BI

26
Q

Left AV Valve (atrium to ventricle) aka

A

Bi-Cuspid valve (Mitral Valve)

TRI to do right, but if you go to the left you have gone BI-BI

27
Q

Artery takes blood where?

A

Away from heart (oxygenated, red)

28
Q

Vein takes blood where?

A

Towards heart (de-oxygenated, blue)

29
Q

Valves btwn Atria/Ventricle

A
  • Tricuspid (Right AV)

- Bicuspid (Mitral)(Left AV)

30
Q

Exit valves

A
  • Aortic

- Pulmonary (pulmonic) (only vein to carry Oxygenated blood)

31
Q

Only valve to carry Oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary Valve - to lung

32
Q

5L blood circulate every X min

A

4 minutes

33
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Blood supply to myocardium

34
Q

Systole (.8s)

A

Active

35
Q

Diastole (.2s)

A

At rest

36
Q

Cardiac Output

A

volume of blood pumped per minute

CO = SV x HR

37
Q

Ecocardiogram

A

only way to get value for stroke volume

38
Q

Stroke Volume

A

amount of blood pushed out per beat

39
Q

Heart rate

A

heartbeats per minute

40
Q

CO =

A

SV x HR

ml/min

41
Q

SA Node

A

Sinoatrial node (heart’s pacemaker)

  • irritable tissue (reacts to most stimulants)
  • 80-100bpm
42
Q

AV Node

A

Atrioventricular Node (btwn atria and Ventricle)

43
Q

Hearts Conduction System

A
  • SA Node
  • AV Node
  • AV Bundle of HIS
  • Purkinje fibers (web of muscle to send electrical waves)
43
Q

Sinoatrial Node bpm

A

80-100 bpm

44
Q

Av node bpm

A

60-80bpm

45
Q

NSR

A

Normal Sinus Rythm

heart rate in normal range 60-100 beats per minute w steady rate, aside from variations due to respiration.

46
Q

What other than the sA node can set pace of heartbeat?

A

1) autonomic nervous system

2) endocrine system

47
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • sympathetic NS speeds up heart

- parasympathetic slows it down (cranial nerve x, Vegas nerve

48
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

4 defects that happen together

49
Q

Methods of Studying Heart

A
  • stethoscope
  • electrocardiograph
  • catheterization
  • echocardiography

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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