X-Ray Flashcards by Duke A

Which of the following will result in a scattered photon?
(Select 1)(1pts)

Compton
Characteristic
Photoelectric
Bremstrahlung

Compton

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Which of the following is a solid state device that converts light into an electric current?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Storage phosphor 	
  	Photodiode 	
 	Photostimulable phosphor 	
  	Image Plate 	
 	All of the above

Photodiode

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In 1906 Bergonie and Tribondeau established their law, which states that cells are more radiosensitive if they 
1.     are young
2.     are stem cells
3.     have a low proliferation rate
(Select 1)(1pts)

2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 2 only

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What unit of measure expresses the amount of energy (radiation) deposited in tissue?
(Select 1)(1pts)

roentgen
rad
RBE
rem

rad

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Which of the following will help reduce image magnification?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	using an air gap technique 	
  	using a short SID 	
  	using a short OID 	
 	using filtration 	
 	All of the above

using a short OID

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Which of the following is true regarding Computed Radiography (CR)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

it has no clinically applicable benefits
it uses a scanner
it results in very high patient radiation doses compared to digital radiography (DR)
image acquisition time is shorter than digital radiography (DR)

it uses a scanner

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Which of the following is an advantage of using intensifying screens?
(Select 1)(1pts)

decrease scatter radiation
decrease patient radiation dose
increase patient radiation dose
increase scatter radiation

decrease patient radiation dose

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Which of the following is true regarding Computed Radiography (CR)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

doubling mAs will halve quantum mottle
doubling mAs will double quantum mottle
doubling mas will halve optical density
doubling mAs will double optical density

doubling mAs will halve quantum mottle

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Which of the following is defined as the dose that, if delivered to an entire population, would produce the same effect as that produced by gonadal doses to individuals?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	public exposure limit 	
  	genetically significant dose 	
 	disease threshold dose 	
 	occupational dose limit 	
 	None of the above

genetically significant dose

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Which of the following rules/concepts/laws apply to both screen film radiography and digital/computed radiography?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Inverse Square Law 	
 	Anode-Heel effect 	
 	Grid function 	
 	Beam collimation 	
  	All of the above

All of the above

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Which of the following will result in an increased patient radiation dose?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Using collimation 	
  	Using a grid 	
 	Using intensifying screens 	
 	Using filtration 	
 	All of the above

Using a grid

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Which of the following is an advantage to using Digital/Computed radiography when compared with screen film radiography?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Wide latitude 	
 	Reduced processing time 	
 	Ease of storage and retrieval 	
 	Post processing enhancement of images 	
  	All of the above 	
 	None of the above

All of the above

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Which of the following results in an effective focal spot size much smaller than the actual focal spot size?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	collimator 	
 	added filtration 	
  	line-focus principle 	
 	rotating anode 	
 	All of the above

line-focus principle

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Biologic material is MOST sensitive to radiation under which of the following conditions?
(Select 1)(1pts)

oxygenated
anoxic
hypoxic
deoxygenated

oxygenated

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The photoelectric effect is an interaction between a(n) _____________ and an inner-shell electron.
(Select 1)(1pts)

nucleus
inner-shell electron
high energy photon
outer-shell electron

high energy photon

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Which of the following will produce the sharpest image?
(Select 1)(1pts)

large OID, small SID
small OID, large SID
small OID, small SID
large OID, large SID

small OID, large SID

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Which of the following layers of x-ray film is considered to be the “active layer”?
(Select 1)(1pts)

  	emulsion 	
 	adhesive layer 	
 	overcoat 	
 	base 	
 	All of the above

emulsion

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Which of the following is true regarding stochastic effects if the radiation exposure is increased?
(Select 1)(1pts)

increase probability of effects
increase severity of effects
decrease severity of effects
decrease probability of effects

increase probability of effects

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Which of the following is the medical radiation dose limit for diagnostic radiography?
(Select 1)(1pts)

there is no dose limit
5 mSv
10 mSv
1 mSv

there is no dose limit

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What is the purpose of the lead foil layer in the back of the cassette?
(Select 1)(1pts)

prevents backscatter that could fog the film
acts as a layer of filtration for the x-ray beam
converts x-ray photons into light photons
maintains good film/screen contact
All of the above

prevents backscatter that could fog the film

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Which of the following is NOT affected by changing the SID (Source to Image Receptor Distance)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

optical density
focal spot blur
contrast
magnification

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contrast

Which of the following is the unit of absorbed radiation dose?
(Select 1)(1pts)

rad
curie
roentgen
rem

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rad

How are the contrast and latitude of an imaging system related?
(Select 1)(1pts)

they are second cousins
they are inversely proportional
they are not related
they are directly proportional

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they are inversely proportional

Which of the following will absorb the most scatter?
(Select 1)(1pts)

5: 1 Parallel Grid
12: 1 Focused Grid
10: 1 Parallel Grid
8: 1 Crossed Grid

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8:1 Crossed Grid

Which of the following will produce an artifact of decreased optical density on the film? (Select 1)(1pts) ``` cassette light leak scratching of the emulsion static electricity expired film All of the above None of the above ```

scratching of the emulsion

If you increase the exposure time only, the result is: ___________ in x-ray quantity and ___________ in x-ray energy. (Select 1)(1pts) ``` increase, no change decrease, no change no change, increase no change, decrease decrease, decrease increase, increase increase, decrease ```

increase, no change

Which of the following is true regarding radiography techniques with high kVp values as compared with low kVp techniques? (Select 1)(1pts) results in low patient radiation dose increases photoelectric absorption in the patient results in high image contrast can render the patient radioactive All of the above

results in low patient radiation dose

For diagnostic radiography, which of the following represents the least amount of radiation? (Select 1)(1pts) ``` 0.1 Sv 10 mGy 0.01 rad 100 mR 1 mrem ```

1 mrem

Which of the following is true regarding fast image receptors as compared with slow image receptors? (Select 1)(1pts) higher contrast resolution lower noise lower patient radiation dose higher spatial resolution

lower patient radiation dose

Which of the following is true regarding photostimulable phosphor imaging plates? (Select 1)(1pts) requires processing in order to obtain the manifest image can be erased and reused does not require the use of a dark room is encased in a protective cassette All of the above

All of the above

Increasing the frequency of electromagnetic energy results in which of the following? (Select 1)(1pts) no affect on energy or wavelength increased energy decreased energy increased wavelength

increased energy

The maximum energy in an x-ray beam is determined by the: (Select 1)(1pts) kVp mA exposure time current flowing to the cathode

kVp

The ratio of heat to to x-rays produced at the target of an x-ray tube is approximately: (Select 1)(1pts) 1: 99 50: 50 80: 20 99: 1

99:1

Which of the following acute radiation syndromes affords the greatest likelihood of survival? (Select 1)(1pts) hematologic syndrome pulmonary syndrome central nervous system syndrome gastrointestinal syndrome

hematologic syndrome

Random density present on a radiograph which adds to the overall optical density is termed: (Select 1)(1pts) ``` contrast paralax lag fog None of the above ```

fog

If the acquisition of radiographs is not likely to alter the course of treatment for the patient, then the exposure of that patient to ionizing radiation is considered _________________? (Select 1)(1pts) unessesary recommended mandated above their dose limit

unessesary

Which portion of an exposed film will show greater optical density? (Select 1)(1pts) ``` the portion nearest the annode the portion nearest the cathode the anode and cathode sides will be evenly exposed the central portion of the film None of the above ```

the portion nearest the cathode

Hematologic, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous System syndromes are: (Select 1)(1pts) syndromes associated with blood, GI and CNS mutations in the offspring syndromes associated with carcinogenesis types of acute lethal radiation syndromes types of fetal genetic mutations All of the above

types of acute lethal radiation syndromes

Which of the following cell types is the most radiosensitive? (Select 1)(1pts) Muscle cells Lymphocytes Nerve cells Skin cells

Lymphocytes

The annual dose limit for the general public is ________ mSv/yr. (Select 1)(1pts) 1 5 10 0.1

The cathode is ___________ charged and has 2 primary components, the _____________ and the _____________. (Select 1)(1pts) negatively, filament and focusing cup positively, rotor and tungsten target positively, filament and focusing cup negatively, rotor and tungsten target

negatively, filament and focusing cup

According to the Syllabus on Radiography Radiation Protection; Appendix No. 5, what is the dose limit for the fetus/embryo of an occupationally exposed worker during the entire pregnancy? (Select 1)(1pts) 0.5 rem 0 rem 0.05 rem 5 rem

0.5 rem

Why are artifacts considered undesirable? (Select 1)(1pts) They contribute to excessive levels of doctor radiation dose They may result in increased patient radiation dose They clean up too much scatter No one knows, they just are All of the above

They may result in increased patient radiation dose

Which of the following will increase image sharpness (improve resolution)? (Select 1)(1pts) ``` using a grid using a long SID using a small focal spot limiting patient motion All of the above ```

All of the above

"The ability to image small objects that have high subject contrast" is the definition of: (Select 1)(1pts) Spatial resolution Quantum Mottle Latitude Contrast resolution

Spatial resolution

Quantum Mottle of a plain film radiograph can be minimized by: (Select 1)(1pts) using a slow film/screen speed using a high kVp/low mAs technique using a large SID (Source to Image Receptor Distance) using fewer x-ray photons for the exposure All of the above

using a slow film/screen speed

Optical density is defined as: (Select 1)(1pts) film darkness film sharpness margin of error # of shades of gray

film darkness

The CONTINUOUS spectrum of x-ray energies from an x-ray tube is a result of which of the following (Select 1)(1pts) ejection of an inner-shell electron deceleration of projectile electrons in the target ejection of an outer-shell electron transition of electrons between atomic energy levels All of the above

deceleration of projectile electrons in the target

What spectrum of light is used to erase the PSP (photostimulable phosphor) plate? (Select 1)(1pts) White Red Green Blue

White

Which of the following interactions will result in complete absorption of the incident photon? (Select 1)(1pts) Photoelectric Coherent Thompson Compton

Photoelectric

triple phase full rectified and high frequency generators are the best because they have the lowest percent of ripple. the most ideal is the _____________ because it has less than 1% ripple.

high frequency

After this, read through the review slides in week 14 lecture

and draw the graphs 5 times each!!!

X-Ray Flashcards

(52 cards)