XRAY Pathology Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
What is the branch of medicine that specializes in cancer?
A
oncology
2
Q
What are changes within the patient that are not observable or measurable to the healthcare worker?
A
symptoms
3
Q
What does hypertrophy mean?
A
an increase in size due to an increase in the number of cells
4
Q
What doe the prefix “pre-“ mean?
A
before
5
Q
What is an abcess?
A
localized collection of pus
6
Q
What is the term for massive bleeding?
A
hemorrhage
7
Q
What does the prefix “post-“ mean?
A
after
8
Q
Pyogenic bacteria is bacteria that forms what?
A
pus
9
Q
What what is an area of dead tissue referred to?
A
a necrotic area (necrosis)
10
Q
What are changes within a patient that are observable or measurable?
A
signs
11
Q
What is an aneurysm?
A
abnormal bulging of a blood vessel
12
Q
What is the term that refers to abnormal growth and development?
A
dysplasia
13
Q
What is an abnormal accumulation of fluid called?
A
edema
14
Q
What is another word for malignant?
A
cancerous
15
Q
What is the definition of a neoplasm?
A
new growth or tumor
16
Q
What does idiopathic mean?
A
cause is unknown
17
Q
What is an abnormal opening between two organs called?
A
fistula
18
Q
What does the prefix “hypo-“ refer to?
A
under, too little, less than normal
19
Q
What does iatrogenic mean?
A
problem/condition was caused by a physician
20
Q
What is cardiomegaly?
A
an enlarged heart
21
Q
What are angiomas?
A
benign tumor of blood vessels
22
Q
Redness, heat, swelling and pain collectively describe what?
A
inflammation
23
Q
What does the prefix “chondro-“ refer to?
A
cartilage
24
Q
What is air in the pleural space called?
A
pneumothorax
25
What is ischemia?
decrease of blood supply to an organ
26
What is fluid in the pleural space called?
pleural effusion
27
What does the prefix "myo-" refer to?
muscle
28
What term refers to the structure of the human body?
anatomy
29
What term refers to the study of function within the human body?
physiology
30
What is the study of disease?
pathology
31
A disease genetically transmitted from parent to child is termed what?
a hereditary disease
32
what is a term that refers to blood vessels?
blood vessels
33
which body system is responsible for supplying the body with oxygen?
respiratory system
34
what is the term for not well defined: bizarre pattern?
undifferentiated
35
during a CT exam, what is the part of the machine that the patient couch travels into and out of?
gantry
36
which body system is responsible for supplying blood to the organs and tissues of the body?
cardiovascular system
37
what does the prefix hyper- refer to?
over or excessive
38
what is the test tool called that is radiographed to evaluate image quality?
a phantom
39
what is the hilum of a organ?
the area where structures enter and exit an organ
40
what is the disease classification that refers to deterioration of the body associated with the aging process?
degenerative disease
41
which modality must screen their patients for possible metallic objects implanted or embedded in them?
MRI
42
where is the parietal pleura located in relationship to the lungs?
the outer membrane (it lines the thoracic wall)
43
what is the term that means a disease or condition is present at birth?
congenital
44
which modality utilizes a gamma camera to detect radiation and form an image?
nuclear medicine
45
what is the lung disease characterized by the excessive secretion of mucus?
cystic fibrosis
46
what term refers to the sudden onset of signs or symptoms of a disease?
acute
47
which modality utilizes radiopharmaceuticals that emit radiation?
nuclear medicine
48
vasodilators are medications that make ___ larger.
the lumen of blood vessels larger
49
if a lesion is found during an angiogram procedure, describe where is the lesion found.
in a blood vessel (in an artery or vein)
50
which body habitus has the heart lying the most transverse and the diaphragm placed the highest?
hyperstenic
51
bronchoconstrictors are medications that make ___ smaller.
the lumen of bronchi smaller
52
how can a disease be described that develops slowly and persists over a long period of time?
chronic
53
which body habitus is characterized by the heart lying more vertical, the lungs are long, and the diaphragm is low?
asthenic
54
what pathologic condition can be seen as a narrowing of the trachea on an x-ray?
Croup
55
in what organ are the biliary ducts found?
liver
56
what is another way of referring to the organs of the chest?
thoracic viscera
57
what respiratory disease affects infants and has a high rate of nosocomial infection?
RSV
58
in US, what is the device used to send and receive the signal?
transducer
59
what is another way of referring to the structures of the chest made of bones?
bony thorax
60
COPD can be described as the overinflation of the lungs. How can overinflation be described radiographically?
radiolucent (more black)
61
Which condition is characterized by the narrowing of the airways as a response to allergens?
asthma
62
What does the prefix "peri-" refer to?
around
63
What is described as a collection of blood outside a blood vessel?
hematoma
64
What is another name for a collapsed lung?
atelectasis
65
What does the prefix "epi-" refer to?
above
66
What is described as tissue death due to a decrease in blood supply to an organ or tissue?
infarction (necrosis is an area of tissue death, not the actual death)
67
What is the term for the prediction of the course or outcome of disease?
prognosis
68
What does the prefix "neo-" refer to?
new
69
What is the term for the identification of a disease?
diagnosis
70
What is hemoptysis?
coughing up blood
71
What other term can be used interchangeably with emphysema?
COPD
72
What does the prefix "sub-" refer to?
below
73
What term best describes the study of neoplasms?
oncology
74
What does hypoxia refer to?
lack of oxygen
75
What does the suffix "-itis" refer to?
inflammation
76
What is another term for non-cancerous?
benign
77
What does the prefix "hetero-" refer to?
different
78
What does the prefix "intra-" refer to?
within
79
What is the name of an infection that is obtained while hospitalized?
nosocomial
80
What do the suffixes "-lysis" an "-lytic" refer to?
to dissolve
81
What causes the infection in the lungs in histoplasmosis?
fungi
82
What is the term for the study of the cause of disease?
idiology
83
What does the prefix "poly-" refer to?
many
84
What is the term for scar tissue that binds together two pieces of anatomy?
adhesions
85
What is the term for something that causes cancer?
carcinogen
86
What does the prefix "osteo-" refer to?
bone
87
What is described as an inflammation of the lungs that is caused by bacteria or a virus?
pneumonia
88
What is atrophy?
a decrease in size
89
What is the structure called that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis in children?
epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
90
What is another term for degenerative joint disease (DJD)?
osteoarthritis
91
What part of the body does a Jones fracture refer to?
base of the 5th metatarsal of the foot
92
What is the epiphyseal plate made of?
cartilage
93
What is the term for an incomplete fracture that is common in children?
greenstick fracture
94
What part of the body does a Colles fracture refer to?
wrist
95
What is arthritis?
inflammation of a joint
96
What is a fracture described as a small bone fragment torn from a bony prominence?
avulsion fracture
97
Where does the humeral head project on a "Y" view with an anterior dislocation?
below the coracoid process
98
What is osteomyelitis?
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
99
What is the term for a buckling fracture?
torus fracture
100
What disease of the bone is characterized by the destruction of bone followed by a reparative process?
Paget's desease
101
What is osteomalacia?
softening of the bone
102
What is the term for a fracture that results in the bone being bowed?
bowing fracture
103
What is the name of the double membranous sac that encloses the abdominal organs?
peritoneum
104
What is rickets?
osteomalacia in children caused by a Vitamin D deficiency
105
What is a fracture that results in the bone sticking out of the skin?
open fracture
106
What two blood vessels transport blood to the liver?
hepatic artery & portal vein
107
What disease of the bone is also known as "marble bones" and appears more radiopaque than normal bones?
osteopetrosis
108
What is the term for the displacement of a bone from its normal articulation?
dislocation
109
What is the function of the gallbladder?
store bile
110
What is the term for the bony fusion across a joint?
ankylosis
111
What is a fracture that results in more than two bone fragments?
comminuted fracture
112
What two ducts join to form the common bile duct?
common hepatic & cystic duct
113
Describe the radiographic appearance of osteoporosis?
an increase in radiographic density
114
The "fat pad sign" is associated with what body part?
elbow
115
What two ducts join to form the ampulla of Vater?
common bile & pancreatic duct
116
What disease is characterized by loss of joint cartilage and narrowing of a joint space?
osteoarthritis
117
What is the forward displacement of one vertebral body over a lower one?
spondylolisthesis
118
What is the term for the radiographic examination of the biliary ducts after contrast is injected?
cholangiogram
119
what is the most distal portion of the small intestine?
ileum
120
what is the twisting of a bowel loop on itself termed?
volvulus
121
the "apple-core" sign is usually indicative of cancer of what?
the colon
122
what is the most proximal portion of the small intestine?
duodenum
123
what is an obstruction due to lack of peristalsis termed?
an ileus
124
what vein is obstructed with cirrhosis?
portal vein
125
what is the most proximal portion of the large intestine called?
cecum
126
what is biliary stenosis?
narrowing of the bile ducts
127
what liver disease is associated with esophageal varices?
cirrhosis
128
what organ does the cystic duct arise from?
gallbladder
129
what is cholelithiasis?
the presence of gallstones
130
what is the primary cause of cirrhosis?
alcoholism
131
what is the term for an abnormal protrusion of an organ through an opening?
hernia
132
what is cholecystitis?
inflammation of the gallbladder
133
what does the urinary system filter?
blood
134
what does GERD stand for?
gastroesophageal reflux disease
135
what condition does distended loops of bowel demonstrate?
a bowel obstruction
136
what are the functional units of kidney called?
nephrons
137
what is the most common cause of esophagitis?
GERD
138
what pathology does free air demonstrate?
a perforated bowel
139
what are the cup shaped structures called in the kidney that the collecting ducts empty into?
minor calyces
140
what is the condition called when there is an absence of an opening that should normally be there?
atresia
141
what is the procedure performed to see inside the bowel with a fiber optic camera?
endoscopy
142
what is a cluster of capillaries called within a nephron of a kidney?
a glomerulus
143
what is another term for dilated, tortuous veins?
varicose veins; varices
144
what is a cholecystectomy?
the surgical removal of the gallbladder
145
what is another name for the glomerular capsule?
the Bowman's capsule
146
what is the telescoping of the bowel into itself termed?
intussusception
147
during a T-tube cholangiogram, what anatomy is visualized when following the antegrade flow of contrast?
duodenum
148
what unite to form the renal pelvis?
major calyces
149
what is considered the actual filter in the kidneys?
the glomerulus
150
what is the medical term for a dilated kidney?
hydronephrosis
151
what is the general term that refers to the structures that supply the brain tissue with blood?
the cerebral arteries
152
what is the cortex of the kidney?
outer layer of renal tissue
153
what is a stone called that completely fills the renal pelvis?
a staghorn calculus
154
what supplies the heart with blood?
the coronary arteries
155
what does retroperitoneum refer to?
behind the peritoneum
156
what would cause a dilated kidney?
an obstruction of the ureter
157
what is the relaxation phase of the heart termed?
diastole
158
define retrograde.
against normal flow
159
what is the telescoping of the distal ureter into the bladder called?
a ureterocele
160
what initiates the electrical impulse of the heart?
the SA node
161
what supplies the kidney with blood?
the renal artery
162
what is the condition of a kidney with two ureters termed?
duplication
163
what is the structure that separates the right and left chambers of the heart?
the septum
164
what is absence of an organ termed?
angenesis
165
what is the disease characterized by many cysts within the kidney?
polycystic kidney disease
166
what is the term that means heart muscle?
myocardium
167
what is the condition characterized by the fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys?
horseshoe kidney
168
what is the presence of blood in the urine termed?
hematuria
169
what is the systemic circulation?
blood from the heart, to the body, and then back to the heart
170
what does the term dysuria mean?
painful urination
171
renal failure is the failure of the ____ to do what?
kidneys to filter blood
172
what is the accumulation of plaque termed?
atherosclerosis
173
what is nephrectomy?
the surgical removal of a kidney
174
explain dialysis
a procedure that involves the filtering of blood by a machine
175
what is the term for a decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue?
ischemia
176
what is an abnormally positioned kidney called?
an ectopic kidney
177
what major structures are the cardiovascular system composed of?
the heart and blood vessels
178
what is coarctation?
a congenital narrowing of the aorta
179
with one word, what is coronary artery disease?
atherosclerosis
180
what is the most common access site for angiography?
femoral artery
181
what two structures does the mitral valve lie between?
left atrium and left ventricle
182
what is the term for a hole between the atria of the heart?
atrial septal defect
183
what is CHF?
congestive heart failure
184
what 3 structures make up the brain?
cerebrum; cerebellum; brain stem
185
what term describes the narrowing of the lumen of an artery?
stenosis
186
what artery condition is at risk for rupture?
aneurysm
187
what is the structure made of nerve fibers that connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?
corpus callosum
188
what is the term for a decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue?
ischemia
189
what is the most inner layer of a blood vessel?
intima
190
how far down does the spinal cord extend?
L1/L2
191
what is angina?
chest pain
192
what is the term for the hardening of the arteries?
arteriosclerosis
193
what is the outer most meninge?
dura mater
194
what is a myocardial infarction?
heart attack
195
what is another name for a thrombus?
blood clot
196
what is the space between the arachnoid and the dura mater?
subdural space
197
what does CABG stand for?
coronary artery bypass graft
198
what is the condition where the layers of a blood vessel are separated?
dissection
199
what is a common cause of a brain abscess?
sinus infection
200
what is the term for the force exerted by the circulating blood on the blood vessel walls?
blood pressure
201
where does a thrombus travel to cause a pulmonary embolism?
pulmonary arteries
202
what is empyema?
a collection of pus
203
what is the term for high blood pressure?
hypertension
204
where does a thrombus usually come from to cause a pulmonary embolism?
deep veins of the legs
205
for which type of stroke are blood thinners contraindicated?
hemorrhagic
206
what is the condition characterized by the failure of the heart to supply the body with enough blood?
congestive heart failure
207
what two structures does the aortic valve lie between?
left ventricle and aorta
208
what is the term for a decline in memory?
dementia
