Flashcards in XX - The Endocrine System (with pics) Deck (166)
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121
Most common form of clinically significant ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary. May present with amenorrhea ang infertility.
Sheehan syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1081
122
Presents with hyponatremia, cerebral edema, absence of peripheral edema due to ectopic ADH secretion by malignant neoplasm, drugs, and a variety of CNS disorders.
SIADH(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1082
123
May present with growth retardation in children, headache and visual disturbances. In adult, these neoplasm is thought to rise from vestigial remnant of Rathke pouch.
Craniopharyngoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed,. P. 1082
124
Histologic variant of craniopharyngioma most often observed in children
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1082
125
Histologic variant of craniopharyngioma most often observed in adults
Papillary craniopharyngoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1082
126
Presents with rapidly enlarging bulky neck mass, dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarsenes, and cough. Histologic finding of pleomorphic giant cells, spindle cells or mixed. Highly fatal. SEE SLIDE 20.10.
Anaplastic carcinoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1098
127
Most common clinically significant congenital anomaly of the thyroid.
Thyroglossal duct or cyst (TOPNOTCH)
128
Most common cause primary hyperparathyroidism
Solitary parathyroid adenoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p.1101
129
The combination of increased osteoclast activity, peritrabecular fibrosis, and cystic brown tumors
von Recklinghausen disease of bone/osteitis fibrosa cystica(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1102
130
The most common mechanism through which osteolytic tumors induce hypercalcemia
Secretion of PTHrP(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1103
131
Classic findings of hypocalcemia on physical examination
Chvostek sign and Trosseau sign(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1105
132
The most frequent pattern in diabetic neuropathy
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy of the lower extremities(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1120
133
The most common cause of hypercortisolism
Exogenous administration of steroids(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1125
134
Most common adrenal finding in endogenous Cushing syndrome
Nodular hyperplasia(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1125
135
Presents with hypertension, weight gain, moon facies, truncal obesity, elevated urinary steroid secetion, low ACTH
Cushing syndrome caused by an adrenal tumor(TOPNOTCH)
136
Presents with signs and symptoms of elevated cortisol levels, with failure of low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone to suppress cortisol secretion
Ectopic ACTH secretion(e.g ACTH production by tumors)(TOPNOTCH)
137
Most common form of Cushing syndrome, ACTH levels are elevated and cannot be suppressed by administration of low dose of dexamethasone.
Pituitary Cushing syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1125
138
Most common manifestation of primary hyperaldosteronism
BP elevation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1126
139
Overproduction of aldosterone and decreased plasma renin activity, hypertension and hypokalemia
Primary aldosteronism(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1127
140
Newborn presents with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, and virilization. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Salt-wasting syndrome, CAH(TOPNOTCH)
141
Presents with hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, volume depletion, hypotension, hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed areas, weakness, nausea vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain.
Primary adrenal insufficiency(TOPNOTCH)
142
The dominant clinical manifestation of pheochromocytoma
Hypertension(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1135
143
Presents with paroxysmal episodes of hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, sweating, tremor, apprehension, elevated urinary vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrines.
Pheochromocytoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1146
144
The principal secretory product of pineal gland
Melatonin(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1137
145
A 33 year old female presents with blurring of vision, galactorrhea and amenorrhea. A cranial CT shows a pituitary mass. She undergoes surgery to excise the mass. Her tumor (A) is associated with MEN-1 in >50% of cases (B) is composed of lobules of distinct cell populations of cells , some acidophilic, others basophilic (C) is composed of a uniform cell population and absent a reticulin network (D) is most probably of acidophilic morphology due to her prolactinemic signs and symptoms
Is composed of a uniform cell population and absent a reticulin network (A - MEN-1 association in 3%; B - normal pituitary; D - functional status cannot be predicted from its histologic appearance) SEE SLIDE 20.1. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp 754-755
146
A 40 year old female presents with an anterior left neck mass. She undergoes a left thyroid lobectomy. The specimen has a solitary well-circumscribed nodule on the inferior pole. Which microscopic finding points to an adenoma, rather than a dominant nodule in a multinodular goiter? (A) well defined, intact capsule and compressed adjacent thyroid parenchyma (B) follicles of different sizes, resembling the surrounding thyroid parenchyma (C) presence of nuclear enlargement, nuclear grooves, and some with clearing (D) small follicles invading the capsule
Well defined, intact capsule and compressed adjacent thyroid parenchyma (B - multinodular goiter; C - papillary carcinoma; D - follicular carcinoma) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp766-769)
147
A 36 year old female presents with an anterior neck mass, and palpable cervical lymph nodes. She undergoes total thyroidectomy and neck dissection. On her right thyroid lobe is a 6 cm solid tan mass. Some of the lymph nodes also have a solid tan cut surface. Which of the following histologic findings is definite evidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma? (A) cells with enlarged nuclei, fine chromatin, some with nuclear grooves and clearing (B) follicles containing papillary infoldings, lined by thyrocytes with dark round nuclei (C) follicles with thick, pink colloid (D) follicles lined by tall columnar cells, and colloid with a scalloped appearance
cells with enlarged nuclei, fine chromatin, some with nuclear grooves and clearing (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 768
148
A 15 year old male presents with an anterior neck mass. A deceased uncle also had an anterior neck mass in his teen years. The thyroid is excised, and histopathology showed polygonal to spindle shaped tumor cells in nests and trabeculae, admixed with amyloid deposits. Which of the following is most accurate? (A) the amyloid deposits are composed of altered calcitonin molecules (B) the patient is likely hypocalcemic (C) the patient's surrounding thyroid parenchyma has no C cell hyperplasia (D) most cases of this tumor are familial
the amyloid deposits are altered calcitonin molecules (medullary thyroid carcinoma) (B - hypocalcemia is not a feature; C - multicentric C cell hyperplasia is a feature in familial forms; D - most cases are sporadic) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp 770-771
149
Which of the following renal histologic findings is most characteristic of diabetes? (A) focal mild pyelonephritis (B) diffuse mesangial sclerosis (C) arteriosclerosis of efferent arterioles of the glomerulus (D) crescentic glomerulonephritis
Arteriosclerosis of the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp783-784
150
