Flashcards in XX - The Endocrine System (with pics) Deck (166)
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151
A 44 year old male presents with intermittent, intense epigastric pain unrelieved by antacids or H2 blockers. He also has occasional diarrhea. An endoscopy revealed multiple gastric, duodenal, and jejunal ulcers. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is considered. Where can the tumor be located? (A) pancreas (B) duodenum (C) peripancreatic soft tissues (D) all of the above
all of the above ("gastrinoma triangle") (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp788-789
152
Which of the following is the commonest cause of Cushing syndrome? (A) anterior pituitary tumor (B) adrenocortical neoplasm (C) small cell lung carcinoma (D) medication
medication (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp 789-790
153
Which of the following findings is most compatible with adrenal Cushing syndrome? (A) elevated ACTH, elevated cortisol (B) decreased ACTH, decreased cortisol (C) decreased ACTH, elevated cortisol (D) elevated ACTH, decreased cortisol
decreased ACTH, elevated cortisol (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 789
154
How does one distinguish a pituitary adenoma from normal pituitary parenchyma?
Absence of reticulin network in pituitary adenoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 718
155
Mutation associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4). That's why it's a type 4 cell-mediated hypersensitivity. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 724
156
Eponym for multinodular goiter whose nodules produce thyroid hormones independent of TSH stimulation
Plummer Syndrome (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 728
157
How does one differentiate a thyroid nodule from a thyroid adenoma?
Nodules do not demonstrate compression of adjacent parenchyma and LACK a well-formed capsule. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 728
158
How does one differentiate a parathyroid adenoma from a parathyroid carcinoma?
Cytologic detail is unreliable. Invasion of surrounding tissues and metastasis are the only definitive way to say. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 736
159
Bone change seen in hyperparathyroidism, when the cortex is grossly thinned and the marrow contains fibrous tissue and foci of hemorrhage and cysts (brown tumors)
Osteitis fibrosa cystica. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 737
160
TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 diabetes: Reduction in number and size of islet cells
Most often seen in Type 1. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 744
161
TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 diabetes: Leukocytic infiltration of mononuclear cells
Both, but more severe in Type 1. At time of diagnosis, this inflammation may not be seen anymore. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 744
162
TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 diabetes: Amyloid replacement of islets
Type 2 (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 744
163
Moprhologic change in the adrenal glands seen in: hypercortisolism caused by EXOGENOUS glucocorticoids
Cortical atrophy, due to lack of stimulation by ACTH. Zona glomerulosa is of normal thickness since this functions independently of ACTH. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 753
164
Moprhologic change in the adrenal glands seen in: hypercortisolism caused by ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome
Diffuse bilateral hyperplasia (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 753
165
Disease that is associated with ADRENOMEDULLARY DYSPLASIA, which is the incomplete migration of the chromaffin cells to the center of the gland.
Salt-losing 21-hydroxylase deficiency (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 756
166
