Flashcards in XXIII - The Nervous System (with pics) Deck (213)
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151
What are the two most common primary tumors of the optic nerve?
Glioma and Meningioma (TOPNOTCH)
152
Morphology: characterized histologically by chronic inflammation and replacement of orbital fat by fibrosis
Idiopathic orbital inflammation (TOPNOTCH)
153
What is the most common malignancy of the eyelid?
Basal cell carcinoma (TOPNOTCH)
154
Morphology: histological hallmark is the thinning of the cornea with breaks in the Bowman's layer
Keratoconus (TOPNOTCH)
155
Morphology: deposition of calcium in Bowmans layer
Calcific Band keratopathy (TOPNOTCH)
156
This type of keratopathy develops in patients who are exposed chronically to high levels of ultraviolet light
Actinic band keratopathy (TOPNOTCH)
157
Morphology: numerous drop like excrescences - guttata- protrude downward from Descemet's membrane
Fuchs dystrophy (TOPNOTCH)
158
Also known as the End-Stage Eye
Phthisis Bulbi (TOPNOTCH)
159
Morphology: diffuse loss of ganglion cells and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, in advanced cases, the optic nerve is both cupped and atrophic
Glaucomatous optic nerve damage (TOPNOTCH)
160
Flexner Wintersteiner Rosettes
Retinoblastoma (TOPNOTCH)
161
Morphology: A neovascular membrane is positioned between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruchs membrane
Age related macular degeneration (TOPNOTCH)
162
"Waxy pallor" of the optic disk. SEE SLIDE 23.28
Retinitis Pigmentosa (TOPNOTCH)
163
In this condition, both rods and cones are lost to apoptosis
Retinitis Pigmentosa (TOPNOTCH)
164
Elschnig' spots
Malignant hypertension (TOPNOTCH)
165
What is known to be a reliable histological marker of diabetes mellitus in the eye?
Thickening of the BM of the epithelium of the pars plicata of the ciliary body (TOPNOTCH)
166
Cytoid bodies
Hypertension (TOPNOTCH)
167
Macular star
Malignant hypertension (TOPNOTCH)
168
Morphology: Characterized by diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the urea. Plasma cells are typically absent, but eosiophils may be identified in the infiltrate
Sympathetic ophthalmia (TOPNOTCH)
169
What is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults?
Metastasis to the uvea, typically to the choroid (TOPNOTCH)
170
What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?
Uveal melanoma (TOPNOTCH)
171
These are the resident monocyte-lineage population of CNS that proliferate and accumulate in response to injury.
Microglia (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1254
172
Subfalcine(cingulate) herniation leads to compression of what blood vessel?
Anterior cerebral artery(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1255
173
Transtentoria(uncinate) herniation compress what structures?
CN III and Posterior Cerebral artery(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1255
174
Patient X who had a moderate traumatic injury presented with lethargy. 12 hours later it he progressed rapidly to having dilated pupils and impairment of ocular movements. This is most likely due to:
Transtentorial (uncinate) herniation/CN III compression (TOPNOTCH)
175
A malformation characterized by reduction in the number of gyri, agyria in extreme cases
Lissencephaly(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1257
176
Infarcts in the supratentorial periventricular white matter in premature infants presenting with chalky yellow plaques consisting of discrete regions of white matter necrosis and calcification
Perventricular leukomalacia(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1259
177
Most common site of contusions in the brain
Frontal and temporal lobes(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1260
178
Vascular injury presenting with slowly evolving neurologic symptoms, often with a delay from the time of injury(most often within 48 hours of injury) Grossly, it appears as a collection of freshly clotted blood along the brain surface, without extension into the depths of sulci.
Subdural hematoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1262
179
After a vehicular crash, patient presented with quadriplegia and respiratory distress. Spinal cord injury was suspected. This can be due to damage to what level of vertebra?
Above C4(TOPNOTCH)
180
