Flashcards in Y&A: 8 Valvular Heart Disease Deck (6)
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1
What are the major etiologies of aortic stenosis? Aortic insufficiency?
AS: More commonly acquired (i.e. progressive calcification or rheumatic fever), less commonly bicuspid valves
AI: Acquired (i.e. bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease); connective tissue disorders
2
What are the major etiologies of mitral stenosis? Mitral regurgitation?
MS: Almost always rheumatic fever; other less common causes are SLE, carcinoid, congenital defects
MR: Primary leaflet dysfunction (i.e. bacterial endocarditis or connective tissue disorders), Annular dilation (i.e. ventricular dysfunction/dilation), MV prolapse or rupture of papillary muscles, ischemic heart disease
3
What changes does aortic stenosis have on the chambers of the heart?
LV: LaPlace's law: wall tension = Pressure * radius / (2 * wall thickness)
Thus, increased pressure = increased wall tension on LV which causes PARALLEL duplication of muscle fibers --> concentric hypertrophy to normalize wall tension (increased wall thickness)
4
What changes does aortic insufficiency have on the chambers of the heart?
LV: diastolic volume overload --> SERIES duplication of muscle fibers --> eccentric hypertrophy and LV dilation --> can cause MV annular dilation --> MR --> LA dilation
5
What changes does mitral stenosis have on the chambers of the heart?
LA: elevation in pressures leads to hypertrophy and eventual dilation --> increases risk of A. fib/PACs
LV: pressure and volume underloaded, especially if the patient is no longer in sinus rhythm 2/2 LA dilation
RV: increased PVR (can be permanent) from pulmonary vessel overload
6
