Y1: Arteries Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is the course of the ascending aorta and what are its major branches
The ascending aorta begins at the aortic valve and rises superiorly giving rise to the right and left coronary arteries which supply the heart muscle\
Describe the arch of the aorta and its major branches
The arch of the aorta arches posteriorly and to the left giving off three major branches the brachiocephalic trunk left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery\
What structures does the descending thoracic aorta supply and what are its major branches
The descending thoracic aorta supplies the posterior chest wall and abdominal viscera Its major branches include intercostal arteries and the superior phrenic arteries\
Describe the course of the abdominal aorta and name its major branches
The abdominal aorta descends through the abdomen giving off major branches such as the celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery to supply abdominal organs\
Explain the blood supply to the small and large bowel mesenteries
The small and large bowel mesenteries receive their blood supply from branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries respectively\
Summarize the functional anatomy of the portal vein and its significance in portal hypertension
The portal vein collects blood from the gastrointestinal organs and transports it to the liver In portal hypertension increased pressure in this system can lead to complications such as varices and ascites\
Describe the position and vasculature of the gall bladder
The gall bladder is located on the inferior surface of the liver and is supplied by the cystic artery a branch of the common hepatic artery\
Explain the innervation and drainage of the lungs
The lungs receive sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation via the pulmonary plexus Venous drainage is through the pulmonary veins while lymphatic drainage occurs through the hilar and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes\
Name the major arteries supplying the upper limb
The major arteries supplying the upper limb include the subclavian artery axillary artery brachial artery and radial and ulnar arteries\
Describe the venous drainage of the upper limb
The venous drainage of the upper limb involves the superficial and deep venous systems with blood eventually returning to the heart through the subclavian veins\
Identify the major arteries supplying the lower limb
The major arteries supplying the lower limb include the common iliac artery external iliac artery femoral artery popliteal artery and the anterior and posterior tibial arteries\
Explain the venous drainage of the lower limb
The venous drainage of the lower limb involves the great saphenous vein and the deep venous system ultimately returning blood to the heart via the inferior vena cava\
Where does the aorta bifurcate and what are the branches at this point
The aorta bifurcates at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra giving rise to the left and right common iliac arteries which further divide into internal and external iliac arteries\
Describe the blood supply and innervation of the rectus abdominis muscle
The rectus abdominis muscle is supplied by the inferior epigastric artery and is innervated by the anterior rami of thoracic nerves\
What is the significance of portosystemic anastomoses in portal hypertension
Portosystemic anastomoses are collateral vessels that can develop to bypass the liver in portal hypertension leading to complications such as esophageal varices and caput medusae\
Explain the lymphatic drainage of the small bowel mesentery
Lymphatic vessels from the small bowel mesentery drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes contributing to the overall lymphatic drainage of the abdominal organs\
Describe the position of the gall bladder in relation to the liver and its clinical implications
The gall bladder is situated on the inferior surface of the liver Inflammation of the gall bladder or the presence of gallstones can lead to complications such as cholecystitis and biliary colic\
Name the major branches of the celiac trunk and their target organs
The celiac trunk has three major branches the left gastric artery splenic artery and common hepatic artery supplying the stomach spleen and liver respectively\
What is the clinical significance of inflammation of the biliary system
Inflammation of the biliary system known as cholangitis can lead to complications such as obstructive jaundice sepsis and potential damage to the liver\
Describe the blood supply and innervation of the lungs
The lungs receive oxygenated blood from the pulmonary arteries and are innervated by the pulmonary plexus Venous drainage occurs through the pulmonary veins\
What structures are supplied by the common hepatic artery and what are its branches
The common hepatic artery supplies the liver and gives rise to branches such as the proper hepatic artery gastroduodenal artery and right gastric artery\
Explain the course of the left subclavian artery and its major branches
The left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch traveling laterally and superiorly Its major branches include the vertebral artery thyrocervical trunk and costocervical trunk\
Name the major branches of the external iliac artery and their destinations
The major branches of the external iliac artery include the inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac artery supplying the abdominal wall and pelvic region\
Describe the vasculature of the small bowel mesentery
The small bowel mesentery is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery forming an intricate network of vessels that provide blood to the small intestine\
