Y10 Judaism Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
What do people believe God is like? (3)
A
1) Omni - benevolent.2) Omni - potent.3) Omni - scient.
2
Q
What is the Shema?
A
The basic prayer of Judaism and is said every morning and evening.
3
Q
What is the basic belief of Jews?
A
That there is one God and he is the creator and designer of the universe.
4
Q
Give 2 Jewish beliefs about God:
A
1) God’s existence is accepted without question.2) Proof is not needed for how God exists.
5
Q
The Torah begins by…
A
Stating “In the beginning, God created”, It does not say who God is or how he was created.
6
Q
Why do some Jews not write the word “God”?
A
They use G-D as a sign of respect.
7
Q
How are books containing the Hebrew name of God treated?
A
Treated with respect and is never destroyed or thrown away.
8
Q
What happens when a book containing the respected Hebrew name of God gets too old?
A
It is kept in a special place in the Synagogue before being properly buried in a Jewish cemetery.
9
Q
What does the Shema tell Jews to do?
A
To love God with all their heart, soul and might.
10
Q
What does the Shema show about God?
A
That God is one - he is whole and unity; he cannot be divided into different parts.
11
Q
Why would Jews use the word “Hashem” and what does does it mean?
A
” The name “ because when speaking of the one we should not use his name unnecessarily.
12
Q
Explain the belief that God is law giver and judge:
A
In Exodus 20 God gives the Jewish people the 10 Commandments starting with “You shall have no other Gods before me.” In Exodus 34 God is said to be “merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love” but God is also a vengeful warrior.
13
Q
Explain the belief that God is present:
A
God is omni present. This divine presence is called the shekinhah. When Moses received the covenant he was “not aware that his face was radiant because he had spoken with the Lord” (Exodus 34).
14
Q
Explain the idea that God is the creator:
A
In Genesis 1 it says that God created the world in seven stages “and God said let there be light “. Genesis also told us about the creation of humanity “so God created mankind in his own image.”
15
Q
What is the Shekinhah?
A
The divine presence. It is also used to describe God is more feminine attributes and characteristics.
16
Q
Who put together the 13 main beliefs in the Torah
A
Maimonides.
17
Q
State 3 of the principle beliefs in the Torah:
A
1) God exists, is perfect and created everything.2) only God should be worshipped.3) what does not have a physical body and it’s not affected by the same needs as humans.
18
Q
In the two main Jewish groups in the UK:
A
1) Orthodox Jews.2) Reform Jews.
19
Q
What must each Jew decide?
A
Whether they will follow the Torah as it was originally intended or whether they believe religion must adapt and change.
20
Q
How do Orthodox Jews live?
A
Closely to the teachings of the tour as it was originally intended as it came from God and cannot be changed; society may change but teachings do not.
21
Q
How many of the Mitzvot Orthodox Jews try to observe
A
All of them - 613.
22
Q
What will Orthodox Jews spend their life devoted to?
A
The study and practice of the Torah.
23
Q
Which laws of the Torah are binding for Reform Jews?
A
Ethical Laws.
24
Q
Why are some laws not necessary in reform Judaism?
A
They were products of the time and place.
25
What does interpretation rely on?
Individual reasoning and conscience.
26
What are Secular Jews?
They don't believe in God and so don't see the teachings of the Torah as sacred.
27
What would orthodox Jews say about the creation story in Genesis 1? Why?
That is 100% true and they would reject all scientific theories. Because God has direct Power and influence on what happens in the world so is extremely important for them to follow what it says in the Torah.
28
What would Reform Jews say about the creation story in Genesis 1? Why?
They believe God created the universe but they do except some scientific theories. Because God didn't take it literally seven days to make the world and God made the process of evolution begin.
29
The five main events of creation are:
1) creation of the universe.2)creation of the earth.3) creation of Adam and Eve (humankind.)4) Temptation of Adam and Eve.5) The fall of humankind from grace.
30
What did God make on the first day of creation?
God called the light 'day' and the darkness 'night.'
31
Give a quote which shows that we are made in the image of God:
'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness' Genesis 1 day 6.
32
What is the big bang theory?
Idea that about 13.7 million years ago all the matter in the universe was concentrated at a single point. An explosion happened and everything went spiralling until the universe was created.
33
What commanders God give to Adam and even Genesis?
To not eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. "You must not touch it or you will die."
34
What consequence did Adam and Eve face for disobeying God in Genesis 2?
Was sent to the garden of Eden where there was no tree of life so death enters the world.
35
What is "The Fall"?
When Adam and Eve are tempted by a serpent to eat from the tree against God's will.
36
What is the prayer that is said in orthodox services that illustrate how God created the world?
"Blessed be he who spoke, and the world existed."
37
What is the importance of Shabbat? Link it to creation.
It is a day of rest but also the celebration of creation because God rested on the seventh day too.
38
What is the purpose of mankind (In genesis)?
To have 'domain' or power over the earth.
39
Explain the idea that Jews believe 'God as Law Giver':
Jews believe that God revealed to the Prophet Moses laws and duties are expected of all Jews. The 10 Commandments (Exodus 20:1 - 17)
40
What happens if Jews obey the 10 Commandments?
Jews are not only fulfilling what God wants but they are also forming a close relationship with him.
41
Explain the idea that Jews believe 'God as Judge."
Judaism teaches that God is a God of both justice and that he will judge each person. God has no pleasure in judging humans wrongly so the ones he makes are just.
42
Give a quote that shows God is a good judge:
Psalm 5:4 :"You are not a God that has pleasure in wickedness."
43
What does the Jewish Festival 'Rosh Hashanah' celebrate?
It's all about the creation of the world. At this time, it is believed God will judge every person.
44
What happens in the 10 days after Rosh Hashanah?
God is believed to be a God of mercy so humans are given 10 days to make up for any bad deeds and to also ask for forgiveness.
45
Why is the Shekinhah important? (3)
1) It guides the people to live how God wants them to.2) It acts within the world - present.3) The divine presence of God saved the Israelites from slavery by guiding them out of Egypt.
46
Where do Orthodox Jews believe the Shekinhah is?
In the 'Wailing Wall'Which is a wall in Jerusalem that is part of the ruins of the very first temple which was built after God saved the Israelites. His true presence is here.
47
Where do Reform Jews believe the Shekinhah is?
It is with them when Jewish people are together and when they study the Torah and the Talmud.
48
Why do Jews believe a Messiah will come?
They were told 1000 years before Jesus that a Messiah would come to Earth.
49
What do Orthodox Jews believe about the Messiah?
They believe that a Messiah will come to earth and there is a possibility of one in every generation.
50
What do Reform Jews believe about the Messiah?
They don't believe that an individual Messiah will come but that there will be a Messianic age where everyone obeys the laws of God and people of different faiths will work together to establish harmony.
51
Jews believe that the Messiah will: (3)
1) Save Jews from evil.2) Enemies of Jews will be defeated and peace will come.3) Be a descendant of the great king David but even more powerful.
52
Give 2 quotes about the Messiah from the Torah:
"The Messiah would be greater than David""The Messiah will come"
53
What was a Covenant?
A serious/strong promise.
54
What did God promise Abraham?
God promised to make Abraham the father of great people and have many descendents if he obeyed him.
55
What did Abraham have to do for God in the covenant?
He had to abandon his way of life and leave his country and in return God made Abraham's wife be able to have a son even though she was too old.
56
God caused Abraham's wife to have a child. What does this show? (2)
That he is in control of even the processes of nature. And that God kept his promises.
57
Later, Abraham was ordered by God to kill his son. What happened?
He obeyed but God stopped him.
58
What happened in the covenant between God and Moses?
God gave Moses the 10 Commandements at Mount Sina and expected all Jews to follow them and in return, he would free them from slavery.
59
What did God say about people who weren't circumcised?
Exodus 3"Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant."
60
Why is human life so holy? (3)
1) People are made in the image of God.2) God gave life so only he can take it away.3) Life is holy.
61
How does the Sanctity of Life affect Jewish beliefs about ending life?
It helps them to see if an action is acceptable to God. This means that protecting life is a duty in Judaism.
62
What is the most important commandment?
To "treat human life as sacred". A person could break all of the rules of the Torah to save a life.
63
Meanings of Mitzvot: (2)
1) Keeping the duties given by God to Moses.2 Doing good deeds.
64
Why is keeping the Mitzvots so important? (2)
1) Given to the Jewish people by God.2) The Mitzvot helps Jews have a good relationship with God.
65
What do Jews believe about good and evil in a person?
They are born with a balance and the balance changes as deeds are done in life.
66
What do Orthodox Jews believe about following the Mitzvot?
All of them are important and all must've obeyed because the Torah is the word of God.
67
What do Reform Jews believe about following Mitzvots?
The ritual side of Judaism can be outdated so we can set them aside to focus on more relevant rules because they are a good guide to living but you can't keep them all.
68
What do Jews believe about death?
It is part of God's plan
69
Give 3 Jewish mourning rituals:
1) Parents died = mourn for 1 year.2) After hearing about a death, rip clothes to show there is a hole in their life.3) 7 day intense mourning period for the immediate family and they stay at home for this time.
70
Do Jews believe in life after death? Why?
Yes, they believe in heaven and hell. Because other teachings suggest that there will be a future judgment when some will be rewarded and others punished.
71
What is a Synagogue?
Hebrew word meaning "House of Assembly." It is not just somewhere to pray but it is somewhere to study and a place to meet people.
72
When is the busiest day in the Synagogue? Why?
The Sabbath. Because there are services on the days of rest.
73
Give 3 points about the Synagogue:
1) it is a place to worship, pray and learn.2) In a traditional Synagogue, men and women sit separately.3) The ark is the most important part as it is where the Torah scrolls are kept.
74
What is 'Bimah'?
The central platform in the Synagogue.
75
What is a Tallit? Who is it worn by?
Traditionally worn by men; it is a prayer shawl with fingers.
76
What is a 'Rabbi'?
It means teacher and they are people who lead the congregation. Jewish priests.
77
Where do people face in a Synagogue during the service?
They face Jerusalem.
78
Features of a Synagogue:Congregation seating is..
Where the people who come to worship sit. In Orthodox Synagogues, men and women sit separately.
79
Features of a Synagogue:Chanukkiah:
A candle stick holder which is used during Hanukah, the festival of light.
80
Features of a Synagogue:Rabbi's Podium:
This is where the Rabbi's go to explain the Torah to the congregation.
81
Features of a Synagogue:Ner Tamid:
This is a lamp which is an eternal light. It is always on and should never be put out.
82
What does the Ner Tamid (eternal light) represent?
It represents the Menorah which would have been in the Temple before it was destroyed. It is a symbol of God's presence and is usually in the shape of the Star of David.
83
What 3 main practices take place in the Synagogue?
1) Shabbat.2) Amidah.3) Prayer.
84
All prayers are important in Judaism, but which 2 are considered to be the most important?
1) Shema.2) Amidah.
85
The Amidah ends with...
"May God who brings peace to the universe bring peace to us and all the people. Amen."
86
Why do people stand during the Amidah Prayer?
To show they are in God's presence.
87
Give 3 points about what happens during the Amidah:
1) To start, they take 3 steps forward and 3 back as if they are entering God's kingdom.2) During the first prayer, they reflect on their ancestors. E.g. prophet Abraham.3) They bow before God and offer gratitude.
88
What do Orthodox Jews do during the Amidah prayer that differs from Reform Jews?
Orthodox Jews mutter or whisper the prayer to themselves whilst Reform Jews sing the prayer. Orthodox services are very traditional - no music and they say it in Hebrew.
89
Give a quote from the Shema Prayer about loving God:
"You should love the Lord, your God, with all your heart."
90
What is the Tallit?
A four countered shawl which has fringes attached. The fringes represent the 613 Mitzvot.
91
There are two types of tallit:
1) The Tallit Gadol (large)2) The Tallit Katan (small)
92
What is the difference between a Tallit Gadol (large) and The Tallit Katan (small)?
The large one is only worn during prayers and worship whilst the large one is worn under the clothes of Jewish men every day.
93
What is the Tefillin?
It is made up of two leather boxes and in each of the 4 compartments there is a small handwritten scroll with the first 2 paragraphs from the Shema written on it.
94
What does the Tefillin remind people?
The Tefillin on the head and the arm remind people that they should love and serve God with all of their heart, mind and strength.
95
What does the Siddur do?
It is a book that guides Jews through daily prayers - it is considered a gift from God.
96
What is a Kippah? Why do Jewish people wear it?
It is a hat that it is a symbol of Jewish identity and a sign of respect to God.
97
Do Jewish people wear their Kippah all the time?
Some do and others only wear it when they are praying at home or if they are in the Synagogue.
98
Can males wear clothes for women, and vice versa?
No, they are biblically forbidden to wear clothing normally associated with the other gender.
99
What happens if a Jewish person follows the weekly festival of Shabbat?
They are obeying the Mitzvot in the Torah."The Sabbath to remember and keep it holy."
100
Give 3 points about Shabbat:
1) It celebrates the day God rested in the creation story.2) No work must be done, no electronics etc.3) Families play board games together.
101
Why does the woman of the family light two candles to start Shabbat?
To bring the presence of Shabbat in the home.
102
What prayer is said over a cup of wine at the beginning of the meal on Shabbat?
The Kiddush Prayer.
103
What is Challah and what does it symbolise?
A blessing over two loaves of bread which symbolises what the Israelites ate when they left Egypt.
104
What does the Havdallah candle symbolise?
Means separation and symbolises the difference between Shabbat and the rest of the week.
105
Why is the Torah important to Jews? (3)
1) It contains the Mitzvot.2) Contans history of the Jewish religion.3) Gives Jewish people a sense of identity and common belief.
106
What is the Talmud?
A collection of writings by the Rabbi's that explain and apply the Torah scriptures. These are passed on verbally.
107
Quote from Genesis that tells Jews that marriage is important:
" A man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh. "
108
What is the bedeken?
The 'veiling' - where the groom veils the bride.
109
What is the Chuppah? What does it symbolise?
It is a covered area where the bride and groom meet in this unifying act to become married. It demonstrates a home always open to guests like the tent of Abraham and Sarah.
110
What is the Ketbuah? What details does it contain?
The marriage contract. It details the husbands obligations to his wife showing that it is a legal and moral commitment.
111
What happens after the marriage ceremony?
There is a party.
112
Why do Jews have a celebration after the marriage ceremony?
Participating in the wedding feast and rejoicing with the couple is a great Mitzvot.
113
According to Jewish traditions, what are joyous occasion celebrated with?
Food.
114
Brit Milah...
The Hebrew term used to describe the religious circumcision of boys.
115
Kiddush is...
A prayer sanctifying Shabbat and many holy days, usually said over wine.
116
Explain the Jewish Naming Ceremony:
When Jewish children are born they are given an ordinary name in Hebrew name, the Hebrew name is given at the first public gathering after the birth and is used in religious ceremonies.
117
What does Brit Milah translate to?
"Covenant of circumcision" - it is a covenant with Abraham.
118
What do Jews do for naming ceremonies?
There is no special ceremony but for some Reform Jews, a special service called Brit Bat happens which includes singing and giving thanks to God.
119
What is circumcision?
It involves the removal of the foreskin on the eighth day after birth and then a blessing is said.
120
Why do Jews think circumcision is important? Give a quote.
It represents the covenant God made with Abraham "On the eighth day, the flesh of the foreskin shall be circumcised"
121
What is a Bar/Bat mitzvah?
An initiation ceremony for boys and girls to become adults in the Jewish community.
122
The Bar Mitzvah...
The ceremony for boys at the age of 13. The words mean "son of the commandment" and shows that a Jewish boy may enter into a covenant relationship with God.
123
The Bat Mitzvah...
Is a ceremony for girls at the age of 12. The words mean "Daughter of Commandment."
124
Why do girls have their Bat Mitzvah one year earlier than boys?
It is believed girls mature faster than boys.
125
How do girls prepare for their Bat Mitzvah?
Learning Hebrew piece "Eisher Chayil."
126
Why is the Eishet Chayil an important reading for the Bat Mitzvah girl?
Because the poem explains the importance of woman and what she should strive to be.
127
Why does the congregation throw sweets at the person during the Bar/Bat Mitzvah:
They are showered with blessings - it is a symbol of this.
128
What happens after a Bar/Bat Mitzvah?
Everyone's comes together and sings and dances - party time.
129
What will boys be expected to do during their Bar Mitzvah?
Read from the Torah - in Hebrew.
130
What do boys wear during their Bar Mitzvah? (2)
1) Tallit (shawl)2) Kippah (cap)
131
Why are the Bar/Bat Mitzvah rituals important in a Jewish person's life?
Because it is about becoming a young adult and taking more responsibility.
132
Give a quote from the Torah that talks about Kosher foods:
"Any animal that cud and has a Dover hoof is kosher."
133
Give examples of Kosher Foods: (2)
1) Cows, sheep and deer.2) Fish with scales and fins.
134
Give examples of food that aren't Kosher: (3)
1) Pigs and birds.2) Shellfood.3) Milk and meat cannot be mixed.
135
Where do the Kosher laws come from?
From the Torah - God gives instructions to Moses regarding what they can and can't eat.
136
How do Jews treat animals?
Causing pain for any living thing is strongly forbidden.
137
How should food be kept at home for it to be Kosher?
Meat and milk must be kept separate.
138
What is the meaning of 'Olam - Ha Ba'?
"The world to come."
139
What is Sheol?
A place where the dead live - like hell.
140
What is Rosh Hashanah?
The Hewish new year - the anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve.
141
What is Yom Kippur?
The holiest day of the year - the day on which Jews are closest tot God. The day of atonement where their sins are forgiven. "From this day He will forgive you"
142
Give 3 examples of things Jewish people do on Yom Kippur:
1) Eat a festive meal.2) 26 hours = no food or sex or perfume.3) Give extra charity.
143
What is Pesach?
The festival of Passover which remembers the time Jewish people were saved from slavery.
144
How do Jews celebrate Pesach (Passover) ? (2)
1) Eating a special meal on a Sedar plate - each food symbolises the day Jews were freed.2) Attending worship.
145
What is Sukkot?
Celebrated between September and October - marks the end of harvest time and remembers when the Jews escaped Egypt and lived in a dessert for 40 years.
146
What is Onan?
The name given to someone in the first stage of mourning.
147
Why is the Onan exempt from doing any mitzvot? What must they keep instead?
So they can arrange the funeral - the 10 commandments.
148
What is the Kaddish?
A prayer about God's greatness and the hope for peace.
149
What is Shiva?
a period of seven days' formal mourning for the dead, beginning immediately after the funeral.
150
What happens during Shiva? (4)
1) Must wear black.2) Don't do things of pleasure or comfort.3) Sit on low chairs.4) Must not shave or bathe.
151
What type of candle is burnt during Shiva?
A j'ahrzeit candle.
152
What does Yarzheit mean?
Anniversary of someone's death.
153
What can sometimes happen during Yarzheit?
Light a candle for 24 hours.
154
What is the Chevra Kaddisha?
To care for the dead - will have someone stay with the body until it is buried.
155
Why is the work of the Chevra Kaddisha considered important?
Because they are providing a service for someone who can never repay them.
