Y12 Genetic Diversity Flashcards
(12 cards)
Antibiotic Resistance
The ability of bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics, developed through natural selection
Species
Organisms with similar characteristics that can breed together to produce fertile offspring
Directional Selection
A type of selection that favours individuals that differ from the mean of a population, changing the characteristics of the population over time
Natural Selection
A process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and produce more offspring, leading to changes in species over time
Allele
A variation of a gene, or a variant DNA sequence, at a specific location on a chromosome
Stabilising selection
A type of selection that favours the average phenotype of the population, eliminating extreme phenotypes
Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism, which are determined by its genotype and environment
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism, or the specific sequence of DNA that an organism inherits from its parents
Genetic diversity
The number of different alleles of genes in a population, which enable natural selection to occur
Founder effect
When a few organisms from a population start a new colony resulting in only a small number of different alleles in the initial gene pool
Genetic bottleneck
An event that causes a big reduction in a population, reducing the number of different alleles in the gene pool and decreasing genetic diversity
Gene pool
The complete range of alleles in a population
