Y12 Impacts of technology Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
U3 What is intellectual property
A
the creation of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names etc
2
Q
U3 list and explain the types of protection under the IP law
A
Registered design: the visual appearance of a product is protected, but not the way it works
Trade mark: not just the brand name/logo, its an identity
Patent: protects how an invention works or functions
Copyright: owners original expression of ideas are protected
3
Q
U3 explain the relationship between IP and copyright
A
- certain material is automatically protected under the Australian law
- gives the owner legal rights to take action if someone else uses the material without permission
- some material includes books, music, films, sound recordings, newspapers etc.
4
Q
U3 what is fair dealing
A
- allows people to use the material without permission as long as it is used for the following purposes
-> research or study;
-> criticism or review;
-> reporting news;
-> parody or satire;
-> giving professional advice
5
Q
U3 what is online defamation
A
- when a person intentionally states or spreads information about another person
- whether a situation is considered defamatory, it depends on the circumstances, but a rough guide is
-> marks someone as the ‘butt’ of the joke
-> damages their reputations
-> causes others to avoid them
6
Q
U3 what are the forms of defamation
A
- video content, social media, emails, sms etc
- can take many forms, including novels, cartoons, paintings etc.
7
Q
U3 what are the legal ramifications of online defamation
A
- it is illegal and if found guilty, civil action may be taken to court to pay damages to the victim
- the compensation will change depending on circumstances
8
Q
U3 what is the objective of defamation laws
A
- objective is to balance protection of individual reputations
9
Q
U3 what is the difference between civil and criminal defamation
A
civil: arises from publications likely to harm a person’s reputation
criminal: publications that affect the community
10
Q
U3 how do you prove you have experienced online defamation
A
to claim compensation:
- it was online
- it isn’t true
- there was malicious intent
the following must be present for a claim to be valid:
- the defamatory material was publish
- you or your business are identified in it
- it caused or continuing to harm your repution
11
Q
U3 what are the elements of a defamation case
A
- a statement that is made must be false
- it must be published to someone other than the object
- it must be made with the intent to hurt them
- there must be actual damage, like loss of job/emotional harm
12
Q
U3 what is freedom of information
A
- individuals have the right to request access to documents from the Australian Government Ministers and most agencies under the FOI Act 1982
- the act covers:
-> Australian government ministers
-> most Australian government agencies
-> the Administration of Norfolk island
13
Q
U3 what is the importance of FOI
A
- ensures government transparency
- encourages active individual participation with government
- some examples include medial records, non-confidential government documents, personal documents etc
14
Q
U3 what can’t you access under FOI
A
- personal information, national security, defence or international relations, law enforcements etc.
15
Q
U3 what is virtual collaboration
A
- method of collaboration between virtual team members that is carried out
- people involved don’t physically interact with each other
16
Q
U3 what are the advantages of virtual collaboration
A
- allows businesses to hire people from al over the world
- reduces travel and cost times
- meetings anytime from anywhere
- easier to share resources
17
Q
U3 what are the disadvantages of virtual collaboration
A
- inability to meet outside of set meeting times
- time differences, language barriers, cultural differences may be difficult to overcome them
- reliance and cost of technology
18
Q
U3 what are the implications of virtual collaboration
A
- encourages a global work face
- has a both positive and negative effect on work-life balance
- reliance on technology
- technological limits may be reached
- lack of motivation
19
Q
U3 what is technological convergence
A
- refers to the combination of two or more different technologies in a single device
20
Q
U3 what are some advantages of technological convergence
A
- time and cost savings
- improves human performance
- allows communication
- a single piece of technology does more
21
Q
U3 what are some disadvantages of technological convergence
A
- some devices are less reliable
- potential data security issues arise
- waste of investments
22
Q
what is personal information
A
- information that can be used to identify you
- some examples are your name, DOB, address, email, phone number
23
Q
what is sensitive information
A
- information that is protected and shouldn’t be disclosed
- examples are your racial or ethnic origin, political opinion, religious beliefs etc
24
Q
what are some ways to secure the security of personal and sensitive information
A
- businesses and organisations have an obligation to protect information collected by customers
- unauthorised access could lead to identity theft and fraud
- physical security, electronic audit trails, file permissions, firewalls etc
25
what is a data breach
- anytime an unauthorised person accesses private data
- its a real threat to the security of information
26
how does data breach go with the law
- the APPs set out rules for handling personal information
- they require organisations to protect personal information
27
what is the NDB scheme
- the notifiable data breach (NDB) scheme is a mandatory data breach notification scheme that requires organisations to notify the affected individuals and OAIC
- the Office of Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) is responsible for regulating and enforcing privacy laws
- under the NDB scheme, organisations must comply with the law
- generally has 30 days
28
what is information security
- the theory of allowing access to information to people in organisation who are authorised to see it
29
what are the principles of information security
Confidentiality - information isn't available to people who shouldn't see it
Integrity - people can trust the information hasn't been tampered with
Availability - people who are authorised to view data can do so when they need access
Non-repudiation - the idea that your information should only belong to you and those you allow to see or use it
30
what is a code of conduct
- a set of guidelines or standards employees must follow when they enter a business
31
what is the purpose of a code of conduct
- establishes expected behaviour and standards
-> covers ethical principles, workplace conduct, conflicts of interest etc
- written document
-> as it's written, it is tangible and everyone has access to the same information
- grounds for disciplinary action/termination
-> accountability, fairness, discipline, deterrence
- broader purposes
-> culture building, reputation management and risk mitigation
32
how does a COC allow for flexibility in the workplace
- types of flexibility include flextime, remote work, hybrid models, compressed hours
- ICT enables remote access technology, specific tools like VPNs, cloud-based storage, collaboration platforms, remote desktop software
33
what does the COC say about work hours
- it provides the basis for employer expectations
- defined work periods including breaks (lunch)
- technology enables location flexibility but requires clear expectations
34
what does the COC say about emails
- employees have to be careful because it gives written evidence
- shouldn't send inappropriate emails
35
what does the COC say about internet use
- employees can only use business internet for business purposes
- employees mustn't visit websites that could diminish level of productivitiy
36
what are the employers rights when it comes to COC
- employers have right to monitor work emails, internet use ec
- they have the right to monitor ICT systems to;
-> protect the business from legal threats and malware
-> ensure the business has a positive reputation
-> ensure workers remain productive
37
what is online censorship
- the control or suppression of online content
- governments and other organisations use it to block access to copyrighted information, harmful or sensitive information
38
why is online censorship used for protection
- preventing people accessing copyrighted information
- stopping people from viewing harmful and/or sensitive content
- control internet-related and internet communicated crimes
39
list and describe forms of online censorship (6)
DNS tampering/filtering
- officials can 'deregister' a domain hosting nefarious content
- this makes website invisible because it prevents the translation of domain names into site IP addresses
IP blocking
- governments can blacklist certain IP addresses they don't like
- when you request access, it is monitored and if you try to see a forbidden site, it will fail
Keyword filtering
- only blocks websites that are explicitly blacklisted
- it will filter/inspect a website and scan for 'suspect' keywords
URL filtering
- mechanism scans requested Uniform Resource Locater (URL)
- if it contains forbidden terms, connection will be reset
Packet filtering
- filters incoming and outgoing packets and let them pass or not based on the IP address of source and destination
Deep packet filtering
- examines packet for banned keywords
40
what are negative impacts of online censorship
- restricts too much information
- who's to define what is censored and what isn't?
- censors free speech
- curb access to harmful activities
41
what are positive impacts of online censorship
- stops fake news
- curb access to harmful activities
42
what is shadow banning and how does it work
- shadow banning is a practice by online platforms where the user's content visibility is reduced or blocked without user being notified
How it works
- user posts content and their post/comment becomes less visible or invisible
- platforms use algorithms and/or human review to apply restrictions
43
why is shadow banning used and what are the impacts and concerns of it
Why:
- to combat scams, spam, bots or automated behaviour
- reduce the spread of content that violates community guidelines
Impacts:
- significant drop in user engagement and reach
- makes it difficult to grow their audience
44
how to get around internet censorship
- use VPN, smart DNS, free proxy, google translate, IP address, tools etc.
