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Y2 Revision > Y2S1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Y2S1 Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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2
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

(all have “brachi-“ in their name”

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3
Q

What is the muscle in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Triceps brachii

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Radial

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5
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

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6
Q

How many muscles are in each layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial - 4

Intermediate - 1

Deep - 3

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7
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm (“the superficial flexors”)?

A

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Pass Fail Pass Fail

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8
Q

Which muscle lies in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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9
Q

Which muscles lie in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

Act to pronate the wrist and clench your fist

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10
Q

Which muscles of the anterior forearm are NOT innervated by the median nerve and are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

The median nerve innervates which hand muscles?

A

Thenar muscles (flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)

Lateral two lumbricals of the hand

LOAF: Lateral Lumbricals, Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis

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12
Q

The median nerve innervates the lateral lumbricals and the thenar muscles of the hand. Which nerve innervates the remainder of the hand muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

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13
Q

Which nerve innervates the forearm extensors?

A

Radial nerve (innervates all the muscles on the posterior side of the arm)

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14
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the posterior forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Anconeus

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15
Q

What are the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Supinator

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

Extensor indicis

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16
Q

Which compartment of the lower limb does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Anterior thigh muscles - flexion of the hip and extension at the knee

Like you’re kicking a soccer ball

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17
Q

The obturator nerve innervates which compartment of the lower limb?

A

Medial compartment of the thigh - adductors

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18
Q

The sciatic nerve innervates which compartment of the lower limb?

A

Posterior thigh

Its branches innervate the leg and foot

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19
Q

Innervation to the leg and foot is provided by branches of which major nerve?

A

Sciatic

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20
Q

What are the two major branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve - which branches to form the deep and superficial fibular nerves

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21
Q

Which compartments of the leg are innervated by the two major branches of the fibular nerve?

A

Superficial fibular - lateral compartment of the leg

Deep fibular - anterior compartment of the leg and foot muscles

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22
Q

Which compartment of the leg is innervated by the tibial nerve?

A

Posterior

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23
Q

Name 4 places where hyaline cartilage is found

A
  1. Nose
  2. Parts of the respiratory tract e.g. tracheal rings
  3. Ends of ribs
  4. Articular surfaces of bones

+ developing foetus, precursor to bone deposition

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24
Q

What type of collagen predominants in hyaline cartilage?

A

II

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25
What type of collagen predominates in fibrocartilage?
I
26
What type of collagen predominates in elastic cartilage?
II (+ elastic fibres)
27
Name 3 places where fibrocartilage is found
1. Intervertebral discs 2. Pubic symphysis 3. Articular discs of the sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints + menisci of the knee joint
28
List 4 places where elastic cartilage is found
1. External ear 2. Walls of the external auditory canal 3. Eustachian tube 4. Epiglottis + larynx
29
Which type of joint binds the teeth to bony teeth sockets?
Gomphoses (fibrous joint)
30
Which type of joint joins the bones of the skull?
Sutures (fibrous) ## Footnote *Only found in the skull*
31
A joint in which articulating bones are held closely together by dense, irregular connective tissue are classified as...
Fibrous joints
32
Which components of synovial joints are invariably present?
1. Fibrous capsule 2. Synovial membrane and fluid 3. Ligaments 4. Articular cartilage
33
Which type of cartilage forms the articular surface of synovial joints?
Hyaline
34
Which type of synovial joint permits gliding movements?
Planar joints E.g. intercarpal and intertarsal joints
35
The elbow is which type of joint?
Hinge (synovial)
36
The thumb is which type of joint?
Saddle (synovial)
37
What is an example of a condyloid joint?
Wrist
38
Which peripheral nerve wraps around the mid-shaft of the humerus?
Radial
39
Damage to the medial epicondyle of the humerus will affect which nerve?
Ulnar
40
Which nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus?
Axillary
41
Which nerve is affected in a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?
Median nerve
42
Posterior dislocation of the hip is most likely to affect which nerve?
Sciatic
43
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
44
The lateral ventricles drain into the 3rd ventricle via the...
Interventricular foramen
45
The 3rd ventricle drains into the 4th ventricle via the...
Cerebral aqueduct
46
The 4th ventricle drains into subarachnoid spaces via which apertures?
Foramen of Magendie (x1 - medial) Foramen of Lushka (x2 - lateral)
47
Which structure produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
48
Which structure drains CSF?
Arachnoid granulations
49
Which major cerebral vessels are branches of the internal carotid arteries?
ACA MCA
50
Which major cerebral vessels are derived from the vertebral arteries?
Posterior cerebral Cerebellar Spinal
51
Which arteries supply the inner ear?
Labyrinthine | (braches of the basillar)
52
Which cranial nerve nuclei are not in the brainstem?
CN I CN II
53
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the midbrain?
CN III CN IV
54
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the pons?
CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII
55
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the medulla?
CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII
56
The olfactory nerve may be damaged by trauma to which bone of the skull?
Ethmoid (cribriform plate)
57
What features are lost in a lesion to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?
Reduced empathy, embarrassment and guilt vmPFC is required for social emotions
58
Which type of cells line the choroid plexus and aid CSF production?
Ependymal cells
59
Which structures compose the lentiform nucleus?
Putamen + globus pallidus
60
Which structures form the striatum of the basal ganglia?
Caudate + putamen
61
Which part of the substantia nigra is affected in Parkinson's disease?
Pars compacta
62
What is the function of the superior colliculi of the midbrain?
Visual reflexes (spinotectal and tectospinal fibres)
63
Name 3 functions of the reticular formation
1. Consciousness 2. Motor control 3. Modulation of nociception Respiratory and cardiovascular control, sleep
64
What is the different between the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts?
Corticospinal tract forms the UMN of peripheral motor nerves (terminates in the spinal cord) Corticobulbar tract forms the UMN of the motor cranial nerves (terminates in the brainstem)
65
Which two tracts comprise the pyramidal tracts?
1. Corticospinal 2. Corticobulbar
66
Which motor cranial nerves DO NOT have bilateral cortical connections?
Lower portion of the facial nerve Hypoglossal nerve
67
What is the function of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway?
Fine touch, vibration and proprioception afferents
68
What is the difference between the nucleus gracilis and the nucleus cuneatus?
Cuneatus - afferents from T6 and above Gracilis - afferents from T7 and below
69
Where does the dorsal column-medial lemniscus decussate?
Medulla oblongata
70
What is the function of the spinothalamic tracts?
Crude touch, pressure, pain and temperature afferents
71
Where do the spinothalamic tracts decussate?
Within the spinal cord at the level with which they enter it
72
What is the function of the spinocerebellar tracts?
Unconscious proprioception
73
Where do the spinocerebellar tracts decussate?
They do not decussate but remain ipsilateral

Y2 Revision (7 decks)

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