Y7

Question 1

epidermal growth factor receptor
- receptor type
- effect
- risks

Answer 1

tyrosine kinase receptor
- for the phosphorylation if serine/threonine residues
- results in cellular proliferation and prevents apoptosis

carcinogenic (hallmark)

Question 2

acetylcholinesterase

Answer 2

enzyme for hydrolysis of acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline
- uses serine, histidine and glutamic acid

Question 3

atropine

Answer 3

ACh antagonist
- used as antidote to sarin

Question 4

sarin

Answer 4

irreversible AChE inhibitor
- causes lethal build-up of ACh
antidote = atropine

Question 5

neostigmine

Answer 5

reversible AChE inhibitor
- carbamate
- used to treat muscle weakness (causes build-up of ACh (slower degredation))

Question 6

tropinone

Answer 6

alkaloid precursor for atropine
- forms bonds eith acetone dicarbocylic acid by successive mannich reactions

Question 7

thalidomide enantiomers

Answer 7

R = sedative
S = teratogen

Question 8

(S) - melphalan

Answer 8

nitrogen mustard used for treatment of cancer

Question 9

main forms of chemotherapy

Answer 9

alkylating agents
anti-metabolites
anti-microbutuble agents
tropoisomerase inhibitors
cytotoxic agents
angiogenesis inhibitors
protein kinase inhibitors

Question 10

types of phase transfer catalysts

Answer 10

crown ethers
ammonium salts

Question 11

UV absorption

Answer 11

UVA = 315 - 400nm
UVB = 280 - 315nm
UVC = 100 - 280nm

Question 12

anti-microtubule agents
- 2 modes of action

Answer 12

increase stability to prevent disassembly

decrease stability to prevent successful assembly

Question 13

troposiomerase inhibitors

Answer 13

inhibit the action of tropoisomerase enzymes integral for DNA replication and translation

Question 14

cytotoxic agents

Answer 14

generally disrupt cell division

Question 15

angiogenesis inhibitors

Answer 15

prevents the proliferation of vasculature around tumour site to prevent further growth

Question 16

protein kinase inhibitors

Answer 16

prevent the generation of protein cascades to minimise cell signalling for actions such as division

Question 17

nitrogen mustards

Answer 17

generally have good leaving groups, acting as electrophiles to couple to integral structures for cell function

• genetally forms cation first, allowing for nucleophilic attack and dissociation of the good leaving group

Question 18

anti-metabolites

Answer 18

analogues that attach to active sites to prevent actions and signalling (antagonists)

Question 19

taxol

Answer 19

anti-microtubule agent

allows for assembly of microtubules from tubulin without the use of GTP or Mg2+, forming very stable structures which cannot disassemble, thus disrupting cell division