Y8 Genetics & Variation Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the two types of characteristics?
Inherited and Environmental
There are two types of Alleles, what are they?
Dominant and Recessive
What are Alleles?
They are the genes that can control specific characteristics
What is the difference between Dominant and recessive Alleles?
If someone inherits a dominant and recessive alleles for a characteristic, they will always have the dominant characteristic`
Who discovered DNA?
James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
Why did Rosalind Franklin not recieve the Nobel prize for her discovery?
She died before the Nobel prizes were given out
What was the photo that led to the discovery of the Double Helix DNA structure?
Photograph 51
What did Watson take back with after his visit to Franklin’s facility?
Precise measurements from Franklin’s data and X-ray photographs
What is DNA part of?
Genes, which are in turn part of chromosomes
What are Fossils?
A fossil is the remains or an impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.
How do fossils form?
3 types: 1. Impression fossils, 2. Preserved organisms, 3. Mineral replacement
How does Mineral Replacement work?
- An animal dies and its skeleton settles on the sea floor and gets buried by sediment, 2. The sediment turns to stone, 3. The skeleton dissolves and a mould is formed, 4. Minerals crystalise inside the mould and a cast is formed, 5. The fossil is exposed on the Earth’s surface
Who was Mary Anning?
Mary Anning was the first person to discover a Ichtheosaurus
What does species mean?
A group of organisms that have characteristics in common and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What is Genetic Variation?
Changes in genes in species
what is mutation?
Change in the genes- a different variation
What is Natural Selection?
It is the process of favouring more useful traits in animals, such as the peppered moth’s colour
Where did Charles Dawin go that had finches and where he made his theory of evolution?
To the galapagos islands
What did he discover
He found out that on different islands, the finches had evolved to have different beaks so the could get food easier
What is Extinction?
It is when no individuals of a species remains.
What are some causes of extinction?
- Environment changes quickly, 2. A new predator, 3. a new disease, 4. Cometition with a different species for food, 5. A catastrophic event
What risks does humanity pose to animals?
- Hunting will kill of a species until there is only one gender left and cannot reproduce, 2. We destroy their habitat to feed one species. this envolves destroying landscapes into farms and destroying trees, which we rely upon to live
