Y9 Physics

Question 1

Gravitational potential energy

Answer 1

(EP) the energy of position or place.
Eg a rock resting at the top of the hill has a gravitational potential energy

Question 2

Nuclear energy

Answer 2

(En) energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, holding the nucleus together

Question 3

Chemical potential energy

Answer 3

(Ecp) energy stored in the bonds of atoms & molecules

Question 4

Electrical potential energy

Answer 4

(Ee) energy transferred in electrical circuits

Question 5

Elastic potential energy

Answer 5

(Eep) the energy stored in springs and elastic objects by the application of force

Question 6

Kinetic energy

Answer 6

(Ek) the energy of motion

Question 7

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 7

Energy can only be transformed or transferred, not created or destroyed

Question 8

Law of electrostatic attraction

Answer 8

Objects oppositely charged feel an attractive force towards each other, conversely, those with the same charge will feel repelled from each other

Question 9

Elementary charge

Answer 9

The size of charge for (a) single electron or proton

Question 10

Charge separation

Answer 10

The imbalance of charges between 2 locations > static electricity

Question 11

Potential difference

Answer 11

The energy(per unit charge) transformed by a load
> measured in volts

Transformed * used by an appliance

Question 12

Atom

Answer 12

The basic unit of matter
> retains characteristics during chemical reactions

Question 13

EMF

Answer 13

Energy per unit charge provided to a circuit by a power source
> measured in Volts (v)

EMF > Electromagnetic Field

Question 14

Load

Answer 14

Any part of an electrical circuit transforming electrical potential energy into another type of energy

Question 15

Resistor

Answer 15

An object resisting the flow of electrons

Question 16

Conductor

Answer 16

A material with free electrons
> allowing electrons to flow through it

Question 17

Insulator

Answer 17

A material without free electrons
> typically doesn’t allow charge to flow through it

Question 18

Electrical resistance

Answer 18

Opposition to electron flow provided by a material.
Measured in Ohms

Question 19

Power

Answer 19

The amount of energy transformed by a load every second
Measured in watts (W)

Question 20

Ion

Answer 20

A particle with a positive or negative charge - not neutral
> with an imbalance in protons to electrons

Question 21

Electric current

Answer 21

The flow of charges (electrons)
> measured in Amps (A)

Question 22

Energy

Answer 22

The ability to do work (stuff)
> measured in Joules (J)

Question 23

Sound energy

Answer 23

(Es) the vibrational movement of particles that travel in waves through gases, liquids, and solids

Question 24

Thermal energy

Answer 24

(Q) the internal energy of substances, flowing from one location to another due to temperature

Question 25

Light energy

Answer 25

(El) the electromagnetic energy that travels via waves

Question 26

Free electron

Answer 26

An electron not tightly held by its nucleus

Question 27

Watt = ? / second

Answer 27

Joules

Question 28

Elements of an energy story

Answer 28

Ecp (power station) Ecp refers to energy at power station Ee (wires) refers to energy through wires

Question 29

Gradient in Current / Voltage

Answer 29

Resistance

Question 30

Moving charge refers to

Answer 30

Current through circuits

Question 31

3 ways charge imbalance can be restored

Answer 31

Good Ants Eat Grounding Air Electrostatic

Question 32

9 types of energy 5 Potential

Answer 32

Good Cucumbers Never Enter Excited 1. Gravitational 2. Chemical 3. Nuclear 4. Elastic 5. Electrical

Question 33

Directions of charged particles [Negative] [Negative]

Answer 33

Repel <- [Negative] [Negative] ->

Question 34

4 factors affecting resistance

Answer 34

Leopards Will Make Tea Length Width Material Temperature

Question 35

The relationship between the resistance of an object and its current through

Answer 35

As resistance increases, current decreases

Question 36

The relationship between EMF across an object & its current

Answer 36

As EMF (Voltage) increases, Current increases

Question 37

The relationship between Current, Resistance, and Voltage

Answer 37

Ohm’s Law V = IR V (Voltage) = I (Current) R (Resistance)

Question 38

How to distinguish between V to I graphs with **Ohm**ic vs **Non-Ohmic** resistors

Answer 38

**Ohm**ic Linear = Fixed Resistance **Non-Ohmic** Non-linear = Non-fixed Resistance

Question 39

Formula to find Power, Current, or Voltage

Answer 39

P = I x V Power = Current x Voltage

Question 40

TRUE or FALSE Neutral atoms have different amounts of Protons (+) and Electrons (-)

Answer 40

False They have equal amounts

Question 41

Formula to find Power, Energy, or Time

Answer 41

P = E / T Power = Energy / Time

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE Atoms can lose or gain Electrons becoming Neutral particles

Answer 42

False They become charged particles or Ions

Question 43

A neutral particle that Loses an Electron becomes

Answer 43

Positive

Question 44

TRUE or FALSE When losing or gaining electrons, the protons never move

Answer 44

True

Question 45

A Neutral particle that GAINS an Electron becomes

Answer 45

Negative

Question 46

TRUE or FALSE Like charges attract and Unlike charges repel

Answer 46

False Like charges **Repel** and Unlike charges **Attract**

Question 47

1 Volt = ? Watts

Answer 47

1000 Watts

Question 48

4 factors affecting resistance in a wire > + relationships of factors to resistance

Answer 48

1. Length - Longer wire = More Resistance 2. Width - Greater width = Lower Resistance 3. Material - Different materials = Different Resistance 4. Temperature - Higher Temp = Higher Resistance

Question 49

3 ways charge imbalance can be restored + what they mean

Answer 49

1. **Grounding of the object** - allowing excess electrons to flow to, or from, the earth 2. **Air** - leaving an object untouched, causing it to gradually lose/gain electrons through air’s molecules 3. **Electrostatic** - an oppositely charged object is brought near, therefore allowing electrons to jump & **neutralise**

Question 50

9 types of Energy 4 Non-Potential?

Answer 50

Kids Start The Laughter Kinetic Sound Thermal Light

Question 51

Direction of charged particles; + [Positive] [Negative] -

Answer 51

Attracted + [Positive] -> <- [Negative] -

Question 52

9 types of energy 5 Potential 4 Non-Potential (moving)

Answer 52

**Potential** 1. Gravitational 2. Chemical 3. Nuclear 4. Elastic 5. Electrical **Non-Potential** 1. Kinetic 2. Sound 3. Heat (thermal) 4. Light

Question 53

Which way will current travel for this battery? + — | | | |— -

Answer 53

Down, to the negative shorter side (as it is repelled from the negative, attracted to the positive side)