Year 10 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is an ELEMENT?
A substance made up of only ONE type of atom.
Elements are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
What are MONOATOMIC elements?
Elements composed of individual discrete atoms.
Example: Helium (He)
What are DIATOMIC elements?
Elements composed of molecules made up of two atoms that are bonded together.
Examples include Hâ‚‚, Oâ‚‚, Nâ‚‚.
What are the two classifications of elements?
Metals and Non-metals.
These classifications are based on their physical and chemical properties.
What is a MOLECULE?
Two or more atoms formed when they join together.
Molecules can consist of the same or different elements.
What is the state of METALS at room temperature?
Solid (except mercury, which is a liquid).
Metals typically have a shiny appearance.
What is the appearance of NON-METALS?
Dull.
Non-metals can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states.
What is the density of METALS?
High (they feel heavy for their size).
Metals usually have a higher density compared to non-metals.
What is the density of NON-METALS?
Low (they feel light for their size).
This property contributes to their classification as poor conductors.
How do METALS behave when hammered?
Malleable (they bend without breaking).
This property allows metals to be shaped into sheets.
How do NON-METALS behave when hammered?
Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered).
This characteristic limits their use in structural applications.
What is the conduction of heat like in METALS?
Good.
Metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
What is the conduction of electricity like in NON-METALS?
Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite).
Non-metals generally do not conduct electricity well.
What sound do METALS make when hit?
They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous).
This property is used in musical instruments.
What sound do NON-METALS make when hit?
They make a dull sound.
This is due to their brittle nature.
Fill in the blank: Only ______, cobalt, and nickel are considered magnetic materials.
iron
These metals exhibit magnetic properties.
What are compounds?
Substances formed when two or more different elements are chemically joined together.
Compounds have distinct properties different from the individual elements that compose them.
What is the chemical formula for Nitrogen Dioxide?
NO2
Nitrogen Dioxide is a significant air pollutant.
How are compounds named when formed from a metal and a non-metal?
The metal name stays the same, and the non-metal changes to -IDE.
Example: Sodium + Sulfur = Sodium Sulfide.
How are compounds named when formed from a metal and oxygen?
The metal name stays the same, and the oxygen changes to -ATE.
Example: Sodium + Sulfur + Oxygen = Sodium Sulfate.
What is the outcome of the experiment forming magnesium oxide?
Magnesium burns with a bright white flame, turning into a white powder, and the mass of the crucible increases.
This indicates a chemical reaction has occurred.
What are mixtures?
Formed when two or more different substances are physically combined.
Mixtures retain the individual properties of their components.
What is a characteristic of mixtures?
Mixtures can be separated.
This is in contrast to compounds, which cannot be separated by physical means.
What elements are involved in the mixture experiment with iron and sulfur?
Iron filings and sulfur powder.
This experiment demonstrates the difference between a mixture and a compound.
