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Chemistry > Year 10- environmental chemistry > Flashcards

Year 10- environmental chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alkane?

A

Hydrocarbon with single bonds only

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2
Q

Name the first four alkanes?

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane

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3
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane?

A

CnH2n2

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4
Q

What is meant by saturated hydrocarbon?

A

Single covalent bonds only

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5
Q

What type of bonds do alkanes have?

A

Covalent bonds: C-c single bonds and C-H bonds

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6
Q

What is an homologous series?

A

Family of organic compounds

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7
Q

What is an alkene?

A

Hydrocarbon with a C=C double bond

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8
Q

What is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

Contains C=C double bonds

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9
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene?

A

CnH2n

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10
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

Making polymers

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11
Q

What are monomers?

A

Small molecules that can be joined together to make chains

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12
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Large chain molecule formed from monomers

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13
Q

What type of bond connects atoms in polymers?

A

Strong covalent bonds

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14
Q

Why are polymers usually solids at room temperature?

A

Large molecules

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15
Q

What chemical is used to test for a C=C double bond?

A

Bromine Water

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16
Q

What is the colour change when bromine water is added to an alkene?

A

Turns from orange to colourless

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17
Q

What happens when bromine water is added to an alkane?

A

Colour stays orange

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18
Q

What is cracking?

A

Splitting a long chain hydrocarbon into shorter chains

19
Q

What are the products of cracking?

A

Short chain alkane and alkene

20
Q

Name the two types of cracking

A

Catalytic cracking and steam cracking

21
Q

What are the conditions for catalytic cracking?

A

Catalyst and high temperature

22
Q

What are the conditions for steam cracking?

A

Steam and high temperature

23
Q

What is reactivity?

A

How vigorously a chemical reacts

24
Q

How can metals be ordered by their reactivity?

A

By comparing their reactions with oxygen, water and acids

25
Q

In terms of oxygen, what is oxidation?

A

Addition of oxygen

26
Q

Name three very reactive metals?

A

Any Group 1 – Lithium, sodium, potassium

27
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

An ion that remains unchanged in a reaction

28
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

Shows the reacting ions in a chemical reaction, with spectator ions removed

29
Q

What is a half equation?

A

An equation that shows whether a substance is losing or gaining electrons

30
Q

In terms of electrons, what is oxidation?

A

Loss of electrons

31
Q

In terms of electrons, what is reduction?

A

Gain of electrons

32
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

One in which one species is reduced whilst another is oxidised

33
Q

When an acid reacts with a metal, which species is oxidised?

A

The metal

34
Q

When an acid reacts with a metal, which species is reduced?

A

Hydrogen

35
Q

Name three metals found naturally as pure elements

A

Silver, gold, platinum

36
Q

What is an ore?

A

Rock (metal compound) containing enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting

37
Q

Name a non-metal element that can be used to extract metals from their ores

A

Carbon

38
Q

In terms of oxygen, what is reduction?

A

Removal of oxygen

39
Q

What chemical reaction is used to extract metals from their ores?

A

Reduction

40
Q

Where does carbon fit in the reactivity series?

A

Between aluminium and zinc

41
Q

Where does hydrogen fit in the reactivity series?

A

Between lead and copper

42
Q

Metals below carbon in the reactivity series are extracted from their ore by

A

Reduction reaction with carbon

43
Q

Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series are extracted from their ore by

A

Electrolysis

Chemistry (4 decks)

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