Year 10 structure & Bonding (core questions)

Question 1

Why do atoms form ions?

Answer 1

To get a full outer shell/noble gas electron structure

Question 2

How do group 1 atoms form ions?

Answer 2

Lose 1 electron

Question 3

What is the charge on a group 1 ion?

Answer 3

+1

Question 4

How do group 2 atoms form ions?

Answer 4

Lose 2 electrons

Question 5

What is the charge on a group 2 ion?

Answer 5

+2

Question 6

How do group 7 atoms form ions?

Answer 6

Gain 1 electron

Question 7

What is the charge on a group 7 ion?

Answer 7

-1

Question 8

How do group 6 atoms form ions?

Answer 8

Gain 2 electrons

Question 9

What is the charge on a group 6 ion?

Answer 9

-2

Question 10

In chemistry, what is a species?

Answer 10

A particle

Question 11

What is an electrostatic force?

Answer 11

An attraction between positive and negative species

Question 12

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 12

An electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions

Question 13

How do ionic bonds form?

Answer 13

Electron(s) transferred from metal atom to non-metal atom

Question 14

What is a lattice?

Answer 14

A regular giant 3D structure

Question 15

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Answer 15

A giant ionic lattice

Question 16

What type of bond is formed between a metal atom and a non-metal atom?

Answer 16

Ionic

Question 17

What happens when a substance melts?

Answer 17

Forces or bonds between particles are overcome

Question 18

Why do different substances have different melting points?

Answer 18

Forces or bonds between particles may be weaker or stronger

Question 19

What is the melting point of an ionic substance?

Answer 19

High

Question 20

Give two reasons why ionic substances have a high melting point

Answer 20

Giant structure and strong ionic bonds

Question 21

What is needed to allow a substance to conduct electricity?

Answer 21

Mobile charged particles

Question 22

Do ionic substances conduct electricity when solid?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What can you do to an ionic substance to make it conduct electricity?

Answer 23

Melt it or dissolve it

Question 24

Why don’t solid ionic substances conduct electricity?

Answer 24

Ions are fixed in position

Question 25

What feature of molten or dissolved ionic substances allow them to conduct electricity?

Answer 25

Ions can move

Question 26

How do molten or dissolved ionic substances conduct electricity?

Answer 26

Mobile ions carry the charge

Question 27

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 27

A shared pair of electrons

Question 28

How do two non-metal atoms combine?

Answer 28

By sharing electrons

Question 29

What type of atoms combine using covalent bonds?

Answer 29

Non metals

Question 30

How does a covalent bond form?

Answer 30

Two non-metal atoms share electrons

Question 31

Why do non-metal atoms share electrons?

Answer 31

To get a full outer shell/noble gas electron structure

Question 32

Name two types of covalent structure

Answer 32

Simple molecular and giant covalent

Question 33

What is a simple molecular structure?

Answer 33

Consists of small molecules

Question 34

In a simple molecular structure what type of bond is found within the molecules?

Answer 34

Covalent

Question 35

What is an intermolecular force?

Answer 35

A weak attraction between molecules

Question 36

When a simple molecular substance melts, what is overcome?

Answer 36

Intermolecular forces, the molecules separate from one another

Question 37

What happens to covalent bonds when a simple molecular substance melts?

Answer 37

Nothing: the molecules separate

Question 38

What is a giant covalent structure?

Answer 38

A regular 3D structure consisting of many non-metal atoms

Question 39

Name three giant covalent structures

Answer 39

Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide

Question 40

Which element forms graphite and diamond?

Answer 40

Carbon

Question 41

In graphite how many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

In diamond, how many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form?

Answer 42

4

Question 43

Give three properties of diamond

Answer 43

Hard, high melting point, does not conduct electricity

Question 44

Give four properties of graphite

Answer 44

Soft, slippery, high melting point, conducts electricity

Question 45

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 45

Delocalised electrons carry charge through the structure

Question 46

Why do diamond and graphite have high melting temperatures?

Answer 46

Many strong covalent bonds must be broken

Question 47

Why is graphite slippery?

Answer 47

Layers can slide over each other

Question 48

What is graphene?

Answer 48

A single layer of graphite

Question 49

Give two properties of graphene

Answer 49

Conducts electricity, very strong

Question 50

What is a fullerene?

Answer 50

Molecules of several carbon atoms with hollow shapes

Question 51

What shape can fullerenes be?

Answer 51

Tubes or spheres

Question 52

What is a nanotube?

Answer 52

A cylindrical fullerene

Question 53

Give two properties of nanotubes

Answer 53

Very strong, conducts electricity

Question 54

Give three uses of fullerenes

Answer 54

Lubricants, drug delivery, electronics

Question 55

Why can spherical fullerenes be used a lubricants?

Answer 55

They can roll