Year 11 - bio T1

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

Number of members of a single specie

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

All the organisms in a habitat

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

Where animals and plants live

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

The community and enviroment

Question 5

Ecologist

Answer 5

A person who studies habitats

Question 6

Enviroment

Answer 6

The surrounding of an organism

Question 7

Humidity

Answer 7

How much water vapor there is in the air

Question 8

Light intensity

Answer 8

How bright the light is

Question 9

Micro habitat

Answer 9

Small area in a habitat where organisms live

Question 10

Quadrat

Answer 10

A sampling square used to estimate plant populations

Question 11

Explain the quadrat practicle

Answer 11

• Place quadrant randomly in sampling area
• Count the number of members in an organism
• Repeat this three times
• Repeat this in another area

Question 12

Abiotic Fabiots

Answer 12

Non-living environmental factors that can affect the organisms in ecosystems
They can affect a range of species as each org is adapted to certain environments eg :light intensity, soil Ph , O2 level, availability of minerals and nutrients p

Question 13

Biotic Fabiots

Answer 13

-Interaction associated with living orgs
They will affect all species as they have the vulnerability of being food to predators or being a host to a disease that can affect populations of species eg: predation, disease, competition for food, bacteria, fungi

Question 14

Producers

Answer 14

Orgs that produce their own organic nutrients such as plants through photosynthesis

Question 15

Primary consumers

Answer 15

Herbivores feed on plants

Question 16

Secondary consumer

Answer 16

Predators that feed on secondary consumers

Question 17

Tertiary consumer

Answer 17

Predators that feed on the secondary consumer

Question 18

Decomposers

Answer 18

Bacteria and fungi that breaks down dead animal’s body, urea and undigested waste for energy (using enzymes to break down compounds)

Question 19

Food chains

Answer 19

Shows the feeding relationship between living things

Question 20

Food webs

Answer 20

Shows all the food chains in an ecosystem, showing the food of energy in a habitat

Question 21

Pyramids of numbers

Answer 21

Shows the population of each org at each trophic level in a food chain.
The bars represent the population so wider the bar, the larger the population
Producer at the bottom
Energy is lost to the surroundings form one trophic level to the next so there are usually fewer organisms at each trophic level

Tree —> aphid —> blue tit
1 100 2

Question 22

Pyramids of Biomass

Answer 22

Biomass is the mass of living material in each org multiplied by their population at each trophic level
As biomass is a measure of the amount of food available, this decreases form one trophic level to the next as energy is lost to respiration, not digested or not eaten

Clover —> snail —> blue tit —> sparrow hawk
1000 50 20. 10

Question 23

Pyramids of energy transfer

Answer 23

Shows the transfer of energy at each trophic level form one trophic level to the next
Energy is lost by respiration, may not be digested or may not be eaten , causing the availability of energy to be passed on to decrease this.

Question 24

Energy is lost to

Answer 24

RESPIRATION - to release energy for life processes such as movement or heat energy
NOT EATEN - Food may not all be eaten such as bones or fibers
NOT DIGESTED- Food may not be digested, resulting in energy lost to fame es which are broken down by decomposes
EXCRETED IN WASTE- Food eaten is broken down and excreted as waste eg: urea
TROPHIC LEVELS - Feeding levels in a food chain

Question 25

Carbon cycles

Answer 25

Describes the movement of carbon molecules in the enviroment

Question 26

Carbon cycles - Respiration

Answer 26

All living orgs will respire aerobically and release CO2 into the atmosphere as organic compounds that are broken down to realize energy

Question 27

Carbon cycle - photosynthesis

Answer 27

Photosynthesis flexes carbon atoms from atmospheric CO2 into organic molecules and becomes part of complex carbon compounds in plants

Question 28

Carbon cycle - decomposition

Answer 28

Dead orgs are broken down by decomposers and carbon in their bodies are returned to the atmosphere as CO2

Question 29

Carbon cycle - Combustion

Answer 29

If decomposition is blocked, plant and animal material are available as fossil fuels after a long period of time. Combustion of fossil fuels real eases CO2 back into the atmosphere

Question 30

Human influences on the environment - Sulfur dioxide explication

Answer 30

- Fossil Fuels will Burn to Produce Sulfur Dioxide | - Sulfur Dioxide will Dissolve in Water Droplets in Clouds, Forming Dilute Sulfuric Acid, Causing Acid Rain

Question 31

Human influences on the environment - sulfur dioxide consequences

Answer 31

-Leaches Minerals and Nutrients Out of the Soil and cause Plants and Trees to Die -Damages Waxy Layer of Leaves, Making it Difficult for Trees to Absorb -Mineral Ions they Need for Growth -Makes Rivers and Lakes Too Acidic, Resulting in Aquatic Organisms to DieCorrodes Metals (Steel) and Limestone in Buildings

Question 32

Human influences on the environment - carbon monoxide explanation

Answer 32

- Poisonous Gas that is Produced when Fossil Fuels Burn in Limited Amount of Air (Incomplete Combustion) - Binds Irreversibly to Haemoglobin and Reduces the Capacity of Oxygen Carried in Red Blood Cells

Question 33

Human influences on the environment - carbon monoxide consequences

Answer 33

- Reduces Capacity of Oxygen Carried in Blood so will cause Tiredness, Unconsciousness and Even Death - Less Oxygen for Aerobic Respiration so can cause Emphysema - If Pregnant, Insufficient Oxygen so Less Aerobic Respiration to Release Energy for Growth of Fetus

Question 34

Greenhouse gases

Answer 34

Gases that Absorb Infrared Radiation from the Sun and Remains Trapped in the Earth’s Atmosphere, Causing Earth’s Average Temperature to Rise as a Result

Question 35

Kinds of ghg

Answer 35

WATER VAPOUR- Rivers, Lakes and oceans CARBON DIOXIDE- Deforestation and Using Fuels NITROUS OXIDE- Fertilisers and Vehicle Engines METHANE- Rice Paddy Fields and Cattle

Question 36

Man made sources of ghg

Answer 36

WATER VAPOUR Naturally Exists in Rivers, Lakes and Oceans CARBON DIOXIDE Produced when Burning Fuels in Industrial processes Produced in Car Exhausts NITROUS OXIDE Released from Fertilisers on Land in Farms Released from Cattle Waste in Farms Produced from High Temperatures in Vehicle Engines METHANE Released from Rice Paddy Fields Released from Cattle

Question 37

Enhance greenhouse effect definition

Answer 37

Caused by the Increased Concentration and Effect of Greenhouse Gases

Question 38

Enhanced greenhouse effect explanation

Answer 38

-The Sun Emits Rays that Enters the Earth’s Atmosphere -The Heat is Emitted Back from the Earth’s Surface -Some Heat is Reflected Back Out into Space -But Some Heat is Absorbed by Greenhouse Gasses and is Trapped Within the Earth’s Atmosphere so Causes the Earth’s Average Temperature to Rise as a Result

Question 39

Enhanced greenhouse effect consequences

Answer 39

-Climate Change due to Increase in Earth’s Temperature -Water Levels will Rise as Glaciers will Melt because of High Temperatures -Extinction of Species due to Inhabitable Environment Migration of Species as they will Move to Areas that are More Habitable (No Droughts) _Spread of Diseases caused by the Cold Climate -Loss of Habitat due to Climate Change (Animals that Live on Glaciers)

Question 40

Biological consequences of sewage in water consequences 1

Answer 40

REPRODUCTION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS - Sewage is Rich in Minerals and Nutrients that Provides Large Amounts of Energy to Allow Organisms such as Decomposers to Reproduce, increasing their Population - Sewage is Rich in Nutrients (Phosphates) that will Encourage the Growth of Algae, causing Algae Bloom to Form on the Surface

Question 41

Biological consequences of sewage in water consequences 2

Answer 41

DEPLETION OF OXYGEN -Decomposers will Respire Aerobically to Break Down Sewage and Dead Plants (From Lack of Sunlight Due to Algae Bloom) so will cause Depletion of Oxygen, causing Aquatic Organisms to Die -Sewage May Contain Bacteria that will Respire Aerobically, Using Up Oxygen in the Water Sewage will Increase Population of Organisms in the Water so will cause More Aerobic Respiration to take place, Further Increasing the Depletion of Oxygen

Question 42

Eutrophication

Answer 42

When Fertilisers are Washed Off from Land into Rivers and Lakes by Rain

Question 43

Eutrophication explication

Answer 43

1.Excessive Nutrients from Fertilisers on Land are Washed into Rivers and Lakes by Rain 2.Excessive Nutrients will Allow Rapid Plant Growth such as Algae, Duckweed and Other Plants 3.Rapid Algae Growth will cause Algae Bloom to Form on the Surface, Blocking Sunlight from Reaching Plants Underneath. Plants will Die as a Result, causing Less Photosynthesis to Take Place so will cause 4.Depletion of Oxygen levels Decomposers (Bacteria) will Further Deplete Oxygen levels as they will Respire Aerobically to Break Down Dead Plants 5.Death of the Ecosystem will Occur as Oxygen Levels Reaches a Point where No Life is Possible, causing Aquatic Organisms to Die such as Fish