Year 13 Aliphatic

Question 1

Mechanism name for aldehyde/ketone into an alcohol

Answer 1

Nucleophilic addition

Question 2

Reagents and conditions for nucleophilic addition

Answer 2

NaBH4 in H2O with methanol
Heat

Question 3

Name for aldehyde/ketone into an alcohol

Answer 3

Reduction

Question 4

Reagents and conditions for reduction into alcohols

Answer 4

Hydrogen gas with a nickel catalyst
High temperature and pressure

Question 5

Mechanism name for aldehyde/ketone into a hydroxynitrile

Answer 5

Nucleophilic addition

Question 6

Reagents and conditions of nucleophilic addition into a hydroxynitrile

Answer 6

KCN and dilute HCl
Ethanolic

Question 7

Name for carboxylic acid into a primary alcohol

Answer 7

Reduction

Question 8

Reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid into a primary alcohol

Answer 8

LiAlH4 in dry ether
Heat

Question 9

Name for carboxylic acid into a carboxylate salt

Answer 9

Acid-base reaction

Question 10

Reagents and conditions for an acid-base reaction into a carboxylate salt

Answer 10

NaOH under room temperature

Question 11

Name of reaction for carboxylic acid into an ester

Answer 11

Condensation/esterification

Question 12

Reagents and conditions for esterification

Answer 12

Alcohol
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
Heat under reflux

Question 13

Name of reaction for ester into carboxylic acid

Answer 13

Acid hydrolysis

Question 14

Reagents and conditions for acid hydrolysis

Answer 14

Water and dilute HCl or H2SO4
Reflux

Question 15

Name of reaction for ester into salt of carboxylic acid

Answer 15

Base hydrolysis

Question 16

Reagents and conditions for base hydrolysis

Answer 16

NaOH
KOH catalyst
Reflux

Question 17

Name of reaction for ester into 3 salts of fatty acid

Answer 17

Saponification

Question 18

Reagents and conditions for saponification

Answer 18

3KOH
Boil

Question 19

Name of reaction for lipid into 3 methyl esters of fatty acids

Answer 19

Making biodiesel

Question 20

Reagents and conditions for making biodiesel

Answer 20

3 moles of methanol
KOH catalyst

Question 21

Name of mechanism for acid chloride into a carboxylic acid

Answer 21

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

Question 22

Reagents and conditions of nucleophilic addition into a carboxylic acid

Answer 22

Water
Room temperature

Question 23

Name of mechanism for acid chloride into an ester

Answer 23

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

Question 24

Reagents and conditions of nucleophilic addition-elimination into an ester

Answer 24

Alcohol
Room temp

Question 25

Name of mechanism for acid chloride into a primary amide

Answer 25

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

Question 26

Reagents and conditions for nucleophilic addition-elimination into a primary amide

Answer 26

Ammonia Room temp

Question 27

Name of mechanism for acid chloride into a N-substituted amide

Answer 27

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

Question 28

Reagents and conditions for Nucleophilic addition-elimination into an N-sub amide

Answer 28

Primary amine Room temp

Question 29

Name of reaction for nitrile into a primary amine

Answer 29

Reduction

Question 30

Reagents and conditions for reduction of nitriles

Answer 30

LiAlH4 in dry ether Heat Hydrogen gas with nickel catalyst High temperature and pressure

Question 31

Reaction name for haloalkanes into quaternary ammonium salt

Answer 31

Nucleophilic substitution Substitute to a primary, then to a secondary, and so on

Question 32

Reagents and conditions for nucleophilic substitution into a quaternary ammonium salt

Answer 32

Large excess of haloalkanes Heat

Question 33

Name for reaction of amine into ammonium salt

Answer 33

Amines as bases + acid

Question 34

Reagents and conditions for acid-base reaction into an ammonium salt

Answer 34

Nitric acid or sulfuric acid

Question 35

Name of reaction for alkene into a polyalkene

Answer 35

Addition polymerisation

Question 36

Reagents and conditions for addition polymerisation

Answer 36

High pressure Low temperature

Question 37

Reaction name for polyester formation

Answer 37

Condensation polymerisation

Question 38

Reagents and conditions for condensation polymerisation into polyesters

Answer 38

Dicrboxylic acid + diol

Question 39

Reaction name for polyamide formation

Answer 39

Condensation polymerisation

Question 40

Reagents and conditions for condensation polymerisation into polyamides

Answer 40

Dicarboxylic acid + diamine

Question 41

Reaction name for polypeptide formation

Answer 41

Condensation polymerisation

Question 42

Reagents and conditions for condensation polymerisation into polypeptides

Answer 42

Amino acid + amino acid