year 2- booklet 4, 5, 6

Question 1

Gandhi’s campaigns

Answer 1

-1915 president of INC
-1917/18 helped w/c indians e.g. indigo workers
-1920/22 non-coop movement
-1930 salt marches= 320 indians injured
-1932/34 civil disobedience
-1942 quit india

Question 2

gandhi’s fasts

Answer 2

-1924 fasted for 3 weeks for muslim hindu unity
-fasts generated idea of saintliness, reinforced by national mourning after his death

Question 3

gandhi beliefs

Answer 3

-1909 book hind swaraj
-peaceful resistance and harmonious living
-rejected the caste system and treatment of ‘untouchables’
-wanted india independent as a traditional society
-his methods were hard for Br to combat

Question 4

colonial office 1925

Answer 4

-divided into 2: dominions office & colonial office
-dominions used their own civil servant but br appointed governor generals

Question 5

colonial administrators

Answer 5

-supposed to be single-minded, honest, responsible, but in reality they were often smug and close minded
-e.g. Charles Arden Clarke, Andrew Cohen, Montagu

Question 6

trusteeship

Answer 6

-administrators were to protect indigenous interests and encourage economic growth and nurture colony towards self rule
1927 Leo Amery argued for it
-1929 Sir Edward Hilton Young implemented this in EA

Question 7

dual mandate

Answer 7

-colonial power had responsibility to its colonies and the outside world
-colonies: owed materials and moral advancement leading to self rule
-outside world: obligation to see that natural resources were developed and exploited

Question 8

empire marketing board

Answer 8

-1926 bc of Leo Amery
-promoted consumption in Br of items produced in Empire through posters

Question 9

exhibitions

Answer 9

-Wembley Exhibition 1924, govt contributed £1.1mill
-empire in miniature
-17 mill visitors 1924, 9 mill 1925
-Glasgow 1938

Question 10

Monarchy

Answer 10

-visits to empire e.g. Edward VII toured NZ, canada etc
-Kings speech 1932

Question 11

BBC

Answer 11

-1923 strong imperial stance
-1932 introduced christmas broadcasts

Question 12

education

Answer 12

-focal point for curriculum, professorships in imperial history e.g. Vere Hamsworth Chair at Cambridge
-Unis trained colonial servants e.g. SOAS 1917
-pro-imperial writers e.g. Kipling

Question 13

entertainment, culture, sport

Answer 13

-children books e.g. G.A. Henty
-cinema e.g. Sanders of the River 1935
-music e.g. Noel Coward 1931 ‘mad dogs and englishmen’
-CO-OP used collectible cards of empire in their tea
-sport e.g. Ashes competition between eng and aus

Question 14

familial links

Answer 14

-family emigrated to Aus etc
-relatives who had served in army etc

Question 15

presentations of empire

Answer 15

-less explicit jingoism after ww1
-family of nations, peace led by Br
-empire day created a sense of belonging to this family

Question 16

Nehru

Answer 16

-INC 1919
-president of INC 1928 and 1936
-reluctant to support Quit India and got him arrested
-India’s first pm 1947

Question 17

Jinnah

Answer 17

-led AIML 1913
-resigned from INC in 1920 as he disagreed w non violent protests
-1940 supported idea of a separate Muslim state
-1947 Pakistan’s first governor general

Question 18

Bose

Answer 18

-formed the INA 1943
-sided w/ Br’s enemies (ger, italy, japan) in 1943
-wanted the INC to be more militant

Question 19

National Congress of West Africa

Answer 19

-Nigeria & GC had legislative councils 1914
-1919 formed NCWA
-demands initially ignored
-dominated by appointed African chiefs, not nationalists

Question 20

Thuku

Answer 20

-developed first EA political protests
-formed Young Kikuyu and 1921 founded East African Association
-Kenya Africa Union 1946

Question 21

1919 Egypt

Answer 21

-Br exiled nationalist leader Saad Zaghlul which led to riots etc and 800+ egyptians being killed

Question 22

1922 Egypt

Answer 22

-granted independence (recommended by 1921 Milner report)
-but relationship was strained as Br military remained in area

Question 23

Stern Gang

Answer 23

-jewish terrorist unit
-1940
fought both arabs and br
-1945 open conflict between arabs and jews

Question 24

response to palestine being handed over to UN

Answer 24

-1947
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine recommended partition
-Jewish took designated Palestinian land, massacred arabs e.g. Deir Yassin
-by May 1948 when Br finally withdrew, over 300,000 Palestinians had fled the new Jewish state

Question 25

response to GoIA 1919

Answer 25

-protests which led to Rowlatt Acts
-Rowlatt Acts: trial w/out jury, suspects interned without trial

Question 26

Amritsar massacre

Answer 26

-1919
-riots led to Br deaths etc
-General Dyer ordered troops to fire on crowd in Jallianwallah Bagh
-led to non- cooperation movement

Question 27

Chauri Chaura

Answer 27

-1922
-police fired on violent protestors
-demonstrators then killed 3 civilians and 23 policemen
-Gandhi called off non-coop

Question 28

result of indian independence

Answer 28

-1947
-partition
-400k died in communal violence

Question 29

conflict at curragh

Answer 29

-1914
-Br soldiers mutinies when ordered to enforce home rule in North
-sides armed themselves ‘Ulster Volunteers’ v ‘National Volunteers’
-3 deaths

Question 30

Sinn Fein

Answer 30

-1916 Easter Rising
-1918 election won majority seats
-created Irish assembly 1919 and declared Irish Republic
-IRA began guerilla warfare against Br
-Br sent ‘Black and Tans’ to support Royal Irish Constabulary

Question 31

Anglo- Irish Treaty

Answer 31

-1921
-Ireland became a Dominion but 6 northern counties opt out
-Eamon de Valera rejected treaty and started cw but lost by 1923

Question 32

Valera after statute of westminster

Answer 32

-refused to attend 1937 imperial conference
-new republic constitution- Eire
-1948 Republic of Ireland act formally separated Eire and Br