Younger Transcription

Question 1

Enzyme responsible/ involved in making transcript.

Answer 1

RNA polymerase

Question 2

True/False: RNA polymerase doesn’t need a primer.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

RNA polymerase reads template strand from __ to __.

Answer 3

3’ to 5’

Question 4

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA transcript from __ to __ using ribonucleotides (NTPs)

Answer 4

5’ to 3’

Question 5

True/False: RNA polymerase recognizes termination signals.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

DNA coding strand base sequence is identical to the RNA transcript sequence, except RNA has what?

Answer 6

RNA has U’s instead of T’s

Question 7

Determine template strand and mRNA of ATGGGGCTCAGCGAC

Answer 7

template: TACCCCGAGTCGCTG (complimentary)
mRNA: AUGGGGCUCAGCGAC (same except U for T)

Question 8

What is the role of the sigma factor?

Answer 8

identifying promoter sequences on DNA and recruits core enzyme into proximity and dissociates from the core enzyme after transcription begins

Question 9

True/False: Sigma factor can turn on any gene that it wants to.

Answer 9

False: Not every gene can be turned on by a single sigma factor… Different sigma factors recognize different types of promoter sequences

Question 10

What are the 2 consensus sequences that are recognized by sigma factor?

Answer 10

TATA box (-7 nucleotides upstream)
-35 sequence

Question 11

Scanning and recognizing of promoter sequence cues by the holoenzyme trigger _____________.

Answer 11

Transcription initiation

Question 12

Another name for TATA box is?

Answer 12

Pribnow box

Question 13

Pyrophosphate is further cleaved in irreversible reaction by what enzyme?
2 high energy bonds are cleaved

Answer 13

Pyrophosphatase

Question 14

Rho-dependent termination requires ________

Answer 14

an additional protein

Question 15

Prokaryotic mRNAs can be ________ (ie one mRNA can code for several proteins)

Answer 15

polycistronic

Question 16

Shine dalgarno sequence does what?

Answer 16

Start site for translation… Ribosome recognizes this 5’ UTR region

Question 17

Eukaryotic mRNAs are ALWAYS _________.

Answer 17

Monocistronic

Question 18

This is an antibiotic that prevents transcription initiation/elongation by binding to RNA polymerase which used to treat tuberculosis. (THIS WILL BE A QUESTION)

Answer 18

Rifampin

Question 19

Eukaryotic DNA is highly condensed and is called?

Answer 19

Chromatin

Question 20

What is the less condensed form of DNA and is more accessible to RNA polymerases (thus more transcripts)

Answer 20

Euchromatin

Question 21

One of the things that distinguishes phenotypes among twins are based on epigenetics that is from what?

Answer 21

Methylation of DNA

Question 22

each polymerase transcribes precursors to what???
RNA polymerase I
RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase III

Answer 22

1- rRNA
2-hnRNA (precursor to mRNA)
3-tRNA

Question 23

RNA pol II recognizes what two consensus sequences?

Answer 23

TATA box (-25)
CAAT box (-70)

Question 24

rRNA synthesis: 3 rRNAs are transcribed as a single large precursor by

Answer 24

RNA pol I in the nucleolus

Question 25

Individual rRNAs are cleaved apart by what?

Answer 25

RNases

Question 26

What are the major differences of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in RNA synthesis.

Answer 26

Promoter region in Eukaryotes has a CAAT box | Eukaryotes have exons and introns

Question 27

WHat does the 3' poly A tail do?

Answer 27

helping release transcript from the ribosome

Question 28

WHat does the 5' capping at the end of mRNA do?

Answer 28

Serves as a ribosome recognition signal and stabililzes mRNA

Question 29

What is the removal of introns and the joining of exons by snRNPs?

Answer 29

Splicing

Question 30

_____ are composed of snRNAs, they from a lariat (loop), it gets clipped out and join the exons.

Answer 30

snRNPs

Question 31

What is the excised intron?

Answer 31

Lariat

Question 32

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that recognize host proteins, including snRNPs... When/ who is it often observed in?

Answer 32

Late-teen females

Question 33

Amanita phalloides- the death cap mushroom has Alpha-amanitin- which does what?

Answer 33

Alpha-amanitin binds to RNA and polymerase-II inhibits mRNA synthesis.