Youth,deviance and subcultures

Question 1

Berger

Answer 1

Youthfulness is a personal quality and attitude to life.
a youthful person may be thrill seeking, spontaneous, playful, energetic and implusive

Question 2

pilcher

Answer 2

youth is centred on moving away from the family

the youth are vulnerable and need protecting from becoming deviant.

Question 3

Davies

Answer 3

argues the youths are increasingly more likely to follow the values of there parents.
becoming conformist mainstream conservative and consumption orientated.

Question 4

Roberts

Answer 4

transitions into adult hood vary depending on time and place
3 types of transitions
abrupt
gradual
lengthy

depend on culture economy and education

Question 5

Hall and Jefferson

Answer 5

saw the creation of the teddy boys as an attempt to recreate a sense of a working class community

mostly made up of young working class men who felt threatened by immigration
par took in non utilitarian violence often in defence of ‘territories’

Question 6

Patrick

Answer 6

studied how non utilitarian violence was used as an initiation into gangs in Glasgow

Question 6

Albert cohen

Answer 6

saw the link between status frustration, the working classes and delinquent subcultures

Lower class boys strove to emulate middle class values and aspirations but dues to lack of cultural and financial capital are unable to thrive in the school system.

these boys create this status in there peer groups by behaving badly subverting school rules.

Question 7

Hebdige

Answer 7

neo marxist
used semiotic analysis to study punks
punks use symbols to reject hegemonic and mainstream values.

Question 8

Becker

Answer 8

Labelling theory
young people more likely to be labelled as deviant by moral entrepreneurs cause they have less negotiation power.

Question 9

stanely cohen

Answer 9

folk devils and moral panics
deviancy amplification spiral

Question 10

Phillips and bowling

Answer 10

role of the police
use of labelling to discuss high crime rates among black you

Question 11

polthemus

Answer 11

suprmarket of style
youths can pic and choose there identities based on consumerism and incorporation

contempoary youth style can be very fluid

Question 12

borden

Answer 12

case study on skaters and neo tribes

found the subculture was no longer based on rebellion but shared interests and similar style

the neo tribe was low commitment

status was gained through skating ability rather than deviance.

Question 13

muggleton

Answer 13

used post modern analysis to show that contempoary subcultures are no longer politically motivated

weaker sense of commitiment to the cause

greater variety of styles within groups

semi structured interveiws revealed many youths didnt identify as a single subculture but placed an emphasis on creativity and self expression.

‘punkish not punks’

Question 13

Thornton

Answer 13

study ravers and club culture
found a highly individualised approach to the subculture with an emphaisis on personal style and having a good time rather than fixed conventions

Question 14

blackman

Answer 14

contradicted Thornton arguing aspects of rave culture were highly politicised. with anti apartheid and gay rights symbols being present in the clothing

also argues post modernists ignore political movements started by young people
blm extinction rebellion ect

Question 15

katz

Answer 15

suggests youths commit deviance due to the pleasure of transgression

ludic (crime is like a game), sexual (crime gives you pleasure)
and religious ( breaking what is sacred)
metaphors to explain this idea

Question 16

Hey

Answer 16

femmist explanation
female friendgroups control each others behaviour and sexual promiscuity

Question 17

harding

Answer 17

girls act as fixers in gangs
hiding drugs spying sexual roles ect

Question 17

Adler

Answer 17

sisters in crime
looks at how rising crime rates in women is representive of a new assertive femminity challenging previous gender roles

pussy riot example of increased female deviance

Question 17

McRobbie and Garber

Answer 17

cult of femininity and bedroom culture
girls are socialised into a bedroom culture were they practice patriarchal values

less opportunity to commit crime

Question 18

readington

Answer 18

due to the Male-stream nature of sociology and pop culture readington argues that women in the punk movement have become a sub-sub culture as they dont get enough recognition for there work

Question 18

gramsci

Answer 18

discusses how the bourgoise controlled ideaological superstructure brainwashes the masses into excepting the capitalist system
creates cultural hegemony

theroy built on by hebdiges study of punks

Question 19

scraton

Answer 19

deviance is a form of political rebellion
when a person from an ethnic minority commits a crime its a form of political rebellion

Question 20

hall

Answer 20

policing the crisis discusses how minorties are often scapegoated by authorities to distract people from the real enemy

Question 20

lea and young

Answer 20

critise scractons theory as it doesnt explain black on black crime and often romantises crime which has a very real negative impact on peoples lives

Question 21

pat carlen

Answer 21

often women who commit the most crime are the most oppressed 80% of the study had been in care, child abused or sexually assaulted direct correlation with poverty.

Question 22

Murray

Answer 22

deviant youth is the result of the underclass and single mothers underclass develed from those left behind in the movement from the manual sector to the service sector. belives single mothers are inadequate socialisers and lack the means to discipline there children leads to high crime rates in area of poverty

Question 23

murray and herristein

Answer 23

the bell curve and cognitive elite argues balck and hispanic people have a lower iq they have more socially undesirable traits results in more deviance and ysc

Question 23

marsland

Answer 23

youth deviancy is the result of welfarism and state benefits

Question 24

wilson and kelling

Answer 24

broken window theory and zero tollerence policing is the best way to 'fix' youth deviancy

Question 25

parsons

Answer 25

functionalist theory ysc helps youths find an identity and help the socialisation into adulthood and role allocation via low paid work helps children developed into well rounded people

Question 26

eisenstadt

Answer 26

rebelious of youth sc allows for them to mature argues its functional for society cause it stops people being deviant later in life supervised risk taking

Question 27

durkheim

Answer 27

ysc help prevent and channel anomie resulting in a more conformist society

Question 27

albert cohen

Answer 27

status frustration and anti school subcultures

Question 28

cloward and ohlin

Answer 28

blocked oppertunity structures three types of deviant subcultures criminal-organised gangs conflict- organised by young people to commit non utilitarian crime retreatist- drug users

Question 29

decker and van winkler

Answer 29

pulls and pushes of crime pulls- status, excitment , money making oppertunities pushes: oppression , deprivation, challenging home life

Question 30

alexander

Answer 30

myth of asian gangs labelling and media creating deviance

Question 31

sivanadan

Answer 31

study of rastas and anti colonial tendencies

Question 32

cicourel

Answer 32

negotiations of justice mcs more likely to be able to negotiate lables crime they commit is less likely to become there master status

Question 33

messerschmidt

Answer 33

w/c males more likely to commit crime due to a crisis of masculinty

Question 34

haenfler

Answer 34

nerd masculinty modern era men dont need to commit crime to express there masculinty as this can be acheived through gaming

Question 35

mirza

Answer 35

pro school subcultures

Question 36

pollack

Answer 36

chilvery thesis women get treated better by authorities cause of gender norms

Question 37

pollack

Answer 37

pro ana female subcultures are hidden and deviance is more hiiden

Question 38

willis

Answer 38

anti school subcultures